“…Qiao et al proposed a comprehensive benefit maximization scheme balancing economic, environmental, and social factors by a two-phase meta-heuristic algorithm combining particle swarm optimization and tabu search (Qiao et al, 2020 ), but it was not applied in the actual case. Besides, the p-median method (Lv et al, 2020 ), LCA (Taşkin & Demir, 2020 ), saved footprint (Peri et al, 2018 ), voronoi graph (Xin et al, 2020 ) were also used for C&T network optimization. Furthermore, GIS is often applied to optimize sustainable C&T network in combination or alone (Chabok et al, 2020 ; Ferronato et al, 2020 ), because it can store, retrieve, analyze and apply large amounts of data, as well as the output visualization function with response time (Nguyen-Trong et al, 2017 ).…”