Reconciling Conflict and Cooperation in Environmental Governance: A Social Network Perspective

Bodin, Örjan; García, María Mancilla; Robins, Garry

doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-011020-064352

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…‘echo chambers’) into which new ideas cannot easily penetrate. Despite a wealth of work on the importance of social network connections to external actors in environmental management 11 , we know little about how multiple and interacting social influences contribute to the spread of pro-environmental behaviors and emergent environmental outcomes. Studies exploring the effects of social networks on environmental outcomes often focus on one type of social influence at a time, usually an ingroup based on similarity in demographic factors, beliefs, profession etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple social network influences can generate unexpected environmental outcomes

Yletyinen

Perry

Stahlmann-Brown

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Understanding the function of social networks can make a critical contribution to achieving desirable environmental outcomes. Social-ecological systems are complex, adaptive systems in which environmental decision makers adapt to a changing social and ecological context. However, it remains unclear how multiple social influences interact with environmental feedbacks to generate environmental outcomes. Based on national-scale survey data and a social-ecological agent-based model in the context of voluntary private land conservation, our results suggest that social influences can operate synergistically or antagonistically, thereby enabling behaviors to spread by two or more mechanisms that amplify each other’s effects. Furthermore, information through social networks may indirectly affect and respond to isolated individuals through environmental change. The interplay of social influences can, therefore, explain the success or failure of conservation outcomes emerging from collective behavior. To understand the capacity of social influence to generate environmental outcomes, social networks must not be seen as ‘closed systems’; rather, the outcomes of environmental interventions depend on feedbacks between the environment and different components of the social system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple social network influences can generate unexpected environmental outcomes

Yletyinen

Perry

Stahlmann-Brown

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Furthermore, researchers have pointed to the importance of linking theory and practice (Luyet et al 2012 ; Schuett et al 2001 ; Stern 2005 ; Williams and Ellefson 1996 ) and reducing land-use conflicts (Bazzoli et al 2003 ; Guerrero et al 2013 ). Factors that stakeholders perceive as threats to increased networking appear in the literature as inhibitors of functioning stakeholder collaboration: unresolvable personal conflicts (Bazzoli et al 2003 ; Bodin et al 2020 ; Germain et al 2001 ), a lack of time for additional cooperative action (Cohen et al 2012 ; Korfmacher 2001 ; Luyet et al 2012 ; Williams and Ellefson 1996 ), incompatible viewpoints (Reed et al 2009 ; Williams and Ellefson 1996 ), and insufficient funding (Bazzoli et al 2003 ; Cohen et al 2012 ; Mostert 2003 ) must be overcome to improve regional conservation efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Stakeholder- and Social Network- Analysis to Improve Regional Nature Conservation: A Case Study from Osnabrück, Germany

Przesdzink

Herzog

Fiebelkorn

2021

Environmental Management

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Many nature conservation projects fail primarily not because of a lack of knowledge about upcoming threats or viable conservation concepts but rather because of the inability to transfer knowledge into the creation of effective measures. Therefore, an increase in information exchange and collaboration between theory- and practice-oriented conservation actors, as well as between conservation actors, land user groups, and authorities may enhance the effectiveness of conservation goals. By considering the interactions between conservation stakeholders as social networks, social network analysis (SNA) can help identify structural optimization potential in these networks. The present study combines SNA and stakeholder analysis (SA) to assess the interactions between 34 conservation stakeholders in the major city and district of Osnabrück in northwestern Germany and offers insights into cost/benefit optimizations of these stakeholder interactions. Data were acquired using a pile sort technique and guideline-based expert interviews. The SA, based on knowledge mapping and SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, identified individual stakeholder’s complementary properties, indicating which among them would most benefit from mutual information exchange and collaboration. The SNA revealed discrepancies in information exchange and collaboration between theory- and practice-focused stakeholders. Conflicts were found predominantly between conservation associations, authorities and land user groups. Ecological research, funding, land-use conflicts, and distribution of conservation knowledge were identified as fields with high potential for increased information exchange and collaboration. Interviews also showed that the stakeholders themselves see many opportunities for increased networking in the region. The results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on nature conservation networks and used to recommend optimization measures for the studied network. Finally, the conclusion reflects upon the developed approach’s implications and possibilities for conservation stakeholders and planners in general.

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“…Looking forward, numerous opportunities exist for research that would almost certainly be useful in improving the governance of resources for sustainability: creating more and better databases that capture the relevant governance arrangements that are actually in place around the world and how they are actually doing at nurturing resources for the pursuit of sustainability (e.g., 310, 312); further operationalizing the inclusive wealth metrics of resource stocks we discussed in Section 3 to provide objective functions for the design of integrative governance arrangements in lieu of those that focus only on individual sectors and resources (e.g., 112); and encouraging network analysis (63,313) and complex adaptive systems modeling (80,296) approaches for use in evaluating proposed governance arrangements.…”

Section: Logics Of Appropriatenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Science: Toward a Synthesis

Clark

Harley

2020

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

247

163

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This review synthesizes diverse approaches that researchers have brought to bear on the challenge of sustainable development. We construct an integrated framework highlighting the union set of elements and relationships that those approaches have shown to be useful in explaining nature–society interactions in multiple contexts. Compelling evidence has accumulated that those interactions should be viewed as a globally interconnected, complex adaptive system in which heterogeneity, nonlinearity, and innovation play formative roles. The long-term evolution of that system cannot be predicted but can be understood and partially guided through dynamic interventions. Research has identified six capacities necessary to support such interventions in guiding development pathways toward sustainability. These are capacities to ( a) measure sustainable development, ( b) promote equity, ( c) adapt to shocks and surprises, ( d ) transform the system into more sustainable development pathways, ( e) link knowledge with action, and ( f ) devise governance arrangements that allow people to work together in exercising the other capacities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 45 is October 19, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Reconciling Conflict and Cooperation in Environmental Governance: A Social Network Perspective

Cited by 85 publications

References 141 publications

Multiple social network influences can generate unexpected environmental outcomes

Multiple social network influences can generate unexpected environmental outcomes

Combining Stakeholder- and Social Network- Analysis to Improve Regional Nature Conservation: A Case Study from Osnabrück, Germany

Sustainability Science: Toward a Synthesis

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