Recommended designations for the subserotypes of Shigella flexneri

Ewing, W. H.; Carpenter, K. Patricia

doi:10.1099/00207713-16-2-145

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…B variation represented the loss of the type-specific antigen with the production of a pure-group variant which had been isolated on three occasions-namely, in strains 103B, 119B, and the original variant Y of Hiss and Russell. This concept of the antigenic structure of S. flexneri has formed the basis of all subsequent classifications, including those of the Shigella Commission Reports (88, 89) and that of the currently accepted schema of Ewing and Carpenter (18).…”

Section: Taxonomic Aspects Of S Flexnerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochemistry of Shigella flexneri O-antigens: a study of structural and genetic aspects of the biosynthesis of cell-surface antigens.

Simmons¹

1971

Bacteriological Reviews

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Section: Taxonomic Aspects Of S Flexnerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochemistry of Shigella flexneri O-antigens: a study of structural and genetic aspects of the biosynthesis of cell-surface antigens.

Simmons¹

1971

Bacteriological Reviews

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“…Throughout this report, the antigenic formulae for the different serotypes follow the classification of Ewing and Carpenter (1966) in which type-specific factors are designated by roman capitals and group factors by arabic numerals. The 0-speciJic side-chains of serotype-6 LPSs.…”

Section: Structure Of the Basal Region Of Sj-lexneri Lipopolysaccharmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boyd also believed that A+B variation represented the loss of type specific antigen with the production of a pure group variant which had been isolated on three occasions-strains 103B, 119B and the original variant Y of Hiss and Russell (1903). This concept of antigenic structure has been the basis of all subsequent classifications including those of the Shigella Commission Reports (1951,1958) and that of Ewing and Carpenter (1966).…”

Section: Taxonomic Aspects Of Sjeexneri 0-antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and biology of Shigella flexneri O antigens

Simmons

Romanowska

1987

Journal of Medical Microbiology

108

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The species Shigellajiexneri comprises a serologically heterogeneous group of dysentery bacilli whose 0 antigens are polysaccharide-lipid Apolypeptide-lipid B complexes strictly comparable in their gross structural and biological properties to the analogous antigens present in all gram-negative bacilli of the family Enterobacteriaceae (Simmons, 1971a). As shown in fig. 1, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of these antigens comprises two distinct regions-a common basal structure shared by all S . JIexneri serotypes (except serotype 6) and 0-specific side-chains that determine the serological specificity and cross-reactivity of the whole antigen (Simmons, 1966). The common basal sugars 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose phosphate, D-glucose, D-galactose and Nacetyl-D-glucosamine are incorporated into the growing basal structure in that order and defects in the genes controlling this biosynthetic pathway result in an incomplete basal structure of rough (R) specificity (Johnston et al., 1967). The 0-specific side-chains (each consisting of six to eight repeating pentasaccharide units) may be further subdivided into two regions-a primary unbranched chain of L-rhamnose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine identical to the variant Y antigen, and secondary side-chains of a-D-glucosyl and 0-acetyl residues which are substituted on the primary chain in a position that is unique for each serotype (Simmons, 1969). The specificity of the linkage of the glucose secondary side-chain is governed by specific UDP-glucose transferases that are phage-dependent and map near the lac locus (Manson et al., 1970). Loss of the phage attachment site in recombination experiments with Escherichia coli HfrC (lac+) strains usually leads to loss of the glucose secondary sidechains and, thus, to the production of lactosefermenting hybrids of variant Y-type specificity (Manson et al., 1970). However, hybrids with other specificities have also been described (Romanowska and Lachowicz, 1970 ;Katzenellenbogen et al., 1973;Lugowski et al., 1975).In an earlier review (Simmons, 197 la), structural and genetic aspects of the biosynthesis of the S. JIexneri 0 antigens were considered in detail. The conclusions drawn at that time about the structural changes involved in smooth to rough (S-+R) mutation, in the production of X and Y variants, and in the modification of type-specificity by lysogenic conversion remain valid today. However, some of the structures themselves require to be revised, largely as a result of methylation studies performed during the past decade by Lindberg and his colleagues (Lindberg et al., 1973;Kenne et al., 1977a and b ;Kenne et al., 1978). This review summarises the evidence for these currently accepted structures and indicates how these studies have elucidated the biology of the S. J-lexneri 0 antigens. Structure of the basal region of S.J-lexneri lipopolysaccharidesThe biosynthesis of the S. jiexneri LPS basal region proceeds from the 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonatelipid A core of chemotype Re by the sequential addition of...

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“…The S. flexneri serotyping scheme differentiates isolates serologically based on the expression of the major type specific somatic antigen (I-VI) and common group factor antigens (3,4 designated Y and 7,8 designated X) [2]. The common group factor antigens account for the complex intra-serotype relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft genome sequences of the type strains of Shigella flexneri held at Public Health England: comparison of classical phenotypic and novel molecular assays with whole genome sequence

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPublic Health England (PHE) holds a collection of Shigella flexneri Type strains isolated between 1949 and 1972 representing 15 established serotypes and one provisional type, E1037. In this study, the genomes of all 16 PHE Type strains were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The relationship between core genome phylogeny and serotype was examined.ResultsThe most common target gene for the detection of Shigella species in clinical PCR assays, ipaH, was detected in all genomes. The type-specific target genes were correctly identified in each genome sequence. In contrast to the S. flexneri in serotype 5 strain described by Sun et al. (2012), the two PHE serotype 5 Type strains possessed an additional oac gene and were differentiated by the presence (serotype 5b) or absence (serotype 5a) of gtrX. The somatic antigen structure and phylogenetic relationship were broadly congruent for strains expressing serotype specific antigens III, IV and V, but not for those expressing I and II. The whole genome phylogenies of the 15 isolates sequenced showed that the serotype 6 Type Strain was phylogenetically distinct from the other S. flexneri serotypes sequenced. The provisional serotype E1037 fell within the serotype 4 clade, being most closely related to the Serotype 4a Type Strain.ConclusionsThe S. flexneri genome sequences were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships between Type strains and validate genotypic and phenotypic assays. The analysis confirmed that the PHE S. flexneri Type strains are phenotypically and genotypically distinct. Novel variants will continue to be added to this archive.

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Recommended designations for the subserotypes of Shigella flexneri

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Immunochemistry of Shigella flexneri O-antigens: a study of structural and genetic aspects of the biosynthesis of cell-surface antigens.

Immunochemistry of Shigella flexneri O-antigens: a study of structural and genetic aspects of the biosynthesis of cell-surface antigens.

Structure and biology of Shigella flexneri O antigens

Draft genome sequences of the type strains of Shigella flexneri held at Public Health England: comparison of classical phenotypic and novel molecular assays with whole genome sequence

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