Recombinant-attenuated <i>Salmonella</i> Pullorum strain expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) protects chickens against NDV and <i>Salmonella</i> Pullorum challenge

Ding, Ke; Shang, Ke; Zhao, Yu; Chen, Yu; Jia, Yushan; He, Lei; Liao, Chengshui; Li, Jing; Zhang, Chunjie; Li, Yinju; Wu, Tingcai; Xiao, Cheng

doi:10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.232

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Similar to this, Mass et al (22) revealed the crucial significance of IL-4 to decrease the HPAI in comparison with cellular immunity (IFN-γ), which is shown by the considerable reduction in viral shedding, despite the high pathogenicity and multiplication the virus. The results were in line with those reported by Ke Ding et al (20), who showed that lymphocytes play a role in controlling the host immune response and signaling between protective cells through the production of cytokines, which are soluble particles produced by many cells, including T, B, macrophages, and dendritic cells. S. Pullorum causes a higher Th2-like response than the Th1-type response, that means crucial particularly cellular immune response for the clearance of S. Pullorum post infection (23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…According to reports, creating recombinant live vaccines with attenuated Salmonella not only boosts the immune system's capacity to fight against Salmonella infection but also considerably improves the immunological impact of the exogenous gene carried by the vaccine (18,19). According to these findings, NDV and AIV vaccinations have a high protective impact against S. pullorum infections (20). These findings are consistent with those of Baumgarth et al (21), who showed that the efficient response of Th2 cells to cytokines generated by activated phagocytic cells in mice aids in reducing viral growth in lung tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using T cell lymphokines of hyperimmunized chickens with Salmonella pullorum to enhance immune response of layer hens against avian influenza

Al-Zuhariy¹

2022

IJVS

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The current study used immune lymphokines from chickens that had been hyperimmunized with Salmonella pullorum to improve the resistance of layer hens at the production stage to AIV-type (H5N1) infected hens (SP). Two groups (each consisting of 25 pullets) were treated; the first group received three doses of SP vaccination at 12, 14, and 16 weeks; the second group received no vaccination and was used as a control group. At 18 weeks, the T cells of the first group released immune lymphokines (S-ILK), whereas the T cells of the second group produced non-immune lymphokines (N-ILK). The following procedures were then used on a total of 100-layer hens (ISSA brown), divided into four groups of 25 each. G1: S-ILK treatment and H5N1 challenge. G2: N-ILK treatment and H5N1 challenge. G3: Untreated and challenged to (H5N1). G4: untreated or unchallenged. Blood samples were obtained at 31, 32, and 33 weeks of age to assess the (IgG, IFN-γ). Additionally, lung and tracheal tissues were obtained to assess the viral load of influenza RNA copies at (7 and 14) days following the challenge. The experiment's findings indicated that the first group produced the highest mean (IgG and IFN-γ) titers and had the lowest mortality of the other groups. The findings of the viral load test showed that G2 and G3 had the highest number of influenza RNA copies and had significantly lower egg production than G1, which had the lowest viral load and kept egg production at a normal level. The conclusion of the current study shows that using SILK gives layer hens a higher level of homogeneous protection against AIV without any dangers during production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using T cell lymphokines of hyperimmunized chickens with Salmonella pullorum to enhance immune response of layer hens against avian influenza

Al-Zuhariy¹

2022

IJVS

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“…Furthermore, it has been claimed that the age of exposure had no effect on Salmonella typhimurium liver recovery (25). The results were consistent with those reported by Ke Ding et al (26), who demonstrated that lymphocytes play a role in regulating the host immune response and the cellular immune response is particularly important for the clearance of S. pullorum because it elicits a higher Th2-like response than the Th1-type response, which is more typically associated with S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis (27). After week 1 pi, the IgG antibody titers to S. pullorum grew and peaked at week 3 pi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Using T cell lymphokines of hyperimmunized chickens with Salmonella pullorum to protect layer hens against Salmonella pullorum infection

Al-Zuhariy¹

2022

IJVS

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Salmonella pullorum (SP) is well adapted to cause an acute systemic infection in hens with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a salmonella-immune lymphokine (SILK) produced by hyperimmunized pullets with Salmonella pullorum during the layer hens' production stage to boost their immune response against Salmonella pullorum infection. In this study, two groups of 25 pullets were used to produce lymphokines; the first group received three doses of the Salmonella pullorum vaccine at 12, 14, and 16 weeks, while the second group only received phosphate buffer saline (PBS), which served as the control. At 18 weeks, nonimmune lymphokines (NILK) were isolated from the T cells of the second group, and salmonella-immune lymphokines (SILK) were isolated from the T cells of the first group. Then, 100-layer hens (ISSA Brown), at 30 weeks old, which entered the production stage, were separated into four groups, each with 25 chickens. G1: infected with SP and treated with SILK. G2: infected with SP and treated with NILK. G3: untreated and SP-challenged G4: no treatment or challenge. The current study aimed to describe the host humoral immune responses to infection in serum samples and bacterial shedding in hens challenged with SP during 31-33 weeks by qPCR techniques. Internal organ bacterial loads were estimated to evaluate the persistence of bacteria. The results show that the spleen, liver, and caecal tonsils tested were positive for bacteria in both groups (G2, G3), proving that Salmonella was not eliminated from the birds and suggesting that internal organ colonization bacteria may act as a reservoir for ongoing bacterial shedding with low IgG titer in compared to G1 with extremely low persistence and high IgG titer in weeks 31, 32, and 33. The current investigation shows that using SILK provides layer hens with better homogenous protection against SP and less internal organ persistence.

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“…Examples of harmless bacteria include Bacillus subtilis [ 152 , 153 ] and Saccharomycetes [ 154 , 155 ]. Examples of live-attenuated microorganisms that have been widely used as live vaccine vehicles include Salmonella [ 156 , 157 ], Listeria [ 158 , 159 ], poxvirus [ 160 ] and influenza virus [ 161 ]. Li et al constructed a recombinant Lactobacillus -derived vaccine that displayed influenza epitopes (sM2 and HA2) [ 162 ].…”

Section: Development Of Vaccines Against M Pneumoniae mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development

Jiang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia which can lead to both acute upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation, and extrapulmonary syndromes. Refractory pneumonia caused by M. pneumonia can be life-threatening, especially in infants and the elderly. Here, based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature related to the respective area, we summarize the virulence factors of M. pneumoniae and the major pathogenic mechanisms mediated by the pathogen: adhesion to host cells, direct cytotoxicity against host cells, inflammatory response-induced immune injury, and immune evasion. The increasing rate of macrolide-resistant strains and the harmful side effects of other sensitive antibiotics (e.g., respiratory quinolones and tetracyclines) in young children make it difficult to treat, and increase the health risk or re-infections. Hence, there is an urgent need for development of an effective vaccine to prevent M. pneumoniae infections in children. Various types of M. pneumoniae vaccines have been reported, including whole-cell vaccines (inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines), subunit vaccines (involving M. pneumoniae protein P1, protein P30, protein P116 and CARDS toxin) and DNA vaccines. This narrative review summarizes the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying M. pneumoniae infection and highlights the relevant vaccines that have been developed and their reported effectiveness.

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Recombinant-attenuated Salmonella Pullorum strain expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) protects chickens against NDV and Salmonella Pullorum challenge

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Using T cell lymphokines of hyperimmunized chickens with Salmonella pullorum to enhance immune response of layer hens against avian influenza

Using T cell lymphokines of hyperimmunized chickens with Salmonella pullorum to enhance immune response of layer hens against avian influenza

Using T cell lymphokines of hyperimmunized chickens with Salmonella pullorum to protect layer hens against Salmonella pullorum infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development

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