“…The Na+ channel protein has phosphorylation sites that could be affected by protein kinase A and protein kinase C, and several reports demonstrated modulation by these second messenger pathways (Catterall, 1992; see also Smith & Goldin, 1992). On the other hand, Ca2+, as an intracellular messenger, can cross-talk with phosphorylation or dephosphorylation pathways (Kennedy, 1989;Cohen, 1992;Yoshinori, Nakamura, Yoshida & Nishizuka, 1992 [CaS+L values used are within physiological range As discussed above, in our study, (Ohsako & Deguchi, 1984;Thayer &A Miller, 1990;Knbpfel & Gahwiler, 1992;Tatsumi & Katayama, 1993 …”