Receptive-field properties of deafferentated visual cortical neurons after topographic map reorganization in adult cats

Chino, Yuzo M.; Smith, Earl L.; Kaas, Jon H.; Sasaki, Yuka; Cheng, Huang

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-03-02417.1995

Cited by 113 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…In summary, both cat and monkey studies provide evidence for retinotopic reorganization as a result of retinal deafferentation (Kaas et al, 1990;Heinen & Skavenski, 1991;Gilbert & Wiesel, 1992;Chino et al, 1992Chino et al, , 1995Darian-Smith & Gilbert, 1994, 1995Calford et al, 2000). Extensive reviews on cortical plasticity of sensory and motor organization can be found in Chino (1995), Gilbert (1998), and Kaas and Collins (2003).…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Cat and monkey studies have shown that reorganization in adult mammalian visual cortex occurs following visual field loss (Kaas et al, 1990;Heinen & Skavenski, 1991;Gilbert & Wiesel, 1992;Chino et al, 1992Chino et al, , 1995Darian-Smith & Gilbert, 1994, 1995Calford et al, 2000). Prior to these studies, prevailing wisdom held that connections along the retinocortical visual pathways are very rigid following a developmental critical period (weeks old) (see Boothe et al, 1985 for a review).…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and cortical adaptations to central vision loss

2005

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), affecting the retina, afflicts one out of ten people aged 80 years or older in the United States. AMD often results in vision loss to the central 15-20 deg of the visual field (i.e. central scotoma), and frequently afflicts both eyes. In most cases, when the central scotoma includes the fovea, patients will adopt an eccentric preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation. The onset of a central scotoma results in the absence of retinal inputs to corresponding regions of retinotopically mapped visual cortex. Animal studies have shown evidence for reorganization in adult mammals for such cortical areas following experimentally induced central scotomata. However, it is still unknown whether reorganization occurs in primary visual cortex (V1) of AMD patients. Nor is it known whether the adoption of a PRL corresponds to changes to the retinotopic mapping of V1. Two recent advances hold out the promise for addressing these issues and for contributing to the rehabilitation of AMD patients: improved methods for assessing visual function across the fields of AMD patients using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope, and the advent of brain-imaging methods for studying retinotopic mapping in humans. For the most part, specialists in these two areas come from different disciplines and communities, with few opportunities to interact. The purpose of this review is to summarize key findings on both the clinical and neuroscience issues related to questions about visual adaptation in AMD patients.

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Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and cortical adaptations to central vision loss

2005

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“…Selective somatosensory deafferentation leads to extensive reorganization in both the thalamus and cortex (Garraghty and Kaas, 1991;Nicolelis et al, 1991;Pettit and Schwark, 1993;Faggin et al, 1997;Jones, 2000). In contrast, localized retinal lesions produce dramatic changes in visual topography and receptive field size in V1 (Heinen and Skavenski, 1991;Gilbert and Wiesel, 1992;Chino et al, 1995) but few changes in the LGN (Gilbert and Wiesel, 1992;Darian-Smith and Gilbert, 1995). Stimulus differences may also explain why pronounced effects are not seen in primary visual cortex.…”

Section: Comparison Between the Visual System And Other Sensory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Perceptual Learning on Neuronal Responses in Monkey Visual Area V4

Yang¹,

Maunsell²

2004

J. Neurosci.

383

327

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Previous studies have shown that perceptual learning can substantially alter the response properties of neurons in the primary somatosensory and auditory cortices. Although psychophysical studies suggest that perceptual learning induces similar changes in primary visual cortex (V1), studies that have measured the response properties of individual neurons have failed to find effects of the size described for the other sensory systems. We have examined the effect of learning on neuronal response properties in a visual area that lies at a later stage of cortical processing, area V4. Adult macaque monkeys were trained extensively on orientation discrimination at a specific retinal location using a narrow range of orientations. During the course of training, the subjects achieved substantial improvement in orientation discrimination that was primarily restricted to the trained location. After training, neurons in V4 with receptive fields overlapping the trained location had stronger responses and narrower orientation tuning curves than neurons with receptive fields in the opposite, untrained hemifield. The changes were most prominent for neurons that preferred orientations close to the trained range of orientations. These results provide the first demonstration of perceptual learning modifying basic neuronal response properties at an intermediate level of visual cortex and give insights into the distribution of plasticity across adult visual cortex.

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“…Plasticity in adult visual cortex has been shown in response to localized deafferentation by retinal lesioning (Chino et al 1992(Chino et al , 1995Gilbert and Wiesel 1992;Heinen and Skavenski 1991;Kaas et al 1990). Yet few studies have addressed how neuronal properties in adult V1 change as a consequence of training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Correlates of Perceptual Learning in Monkey V1 and V2

Ghose

Yang

Maunsell

2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

283

254

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. Performance in visual discrimination tasks improves with practice. Although the psychophysical parameters of these improvements have suggested the involvement of early areas in visual cortex, there has been little direct study of the physiological correlates of such perceptual learning at the level of individual neurons. To examine how neuronal response properties in the early visual system may change with practice, we trained monkeys for more than 6 mo in an orientation discrimination task in which behaviorally relevant stimuli were restricted to a particular retinal location and oriented around a specific orientation. During training the monkeys' discrimination thresholds gradually improved to much better than those of naive monkeys or humans. Although this improvement was specific to the trained orientation, it showed little retinotopic specificity. The receptive field properties of single neurons from regions representing the trained location and a location in the opposite visual hemifield were measured in V1 and V2. In most respects the receptive field properties in the representations of the trained and untrained regions were indistinguishable. However, in the regions of V1 and V2 representing the trained location, there were slightly fewer neurons whose optimal orientation was near the trained orientation. This resulted in a small but significant decrease in the V1 population response to the trained orientation at the trained location. Consequently, the observed neuronal populations did not exhibit any orientation-specific biases sufficient to explain the orientation specificity of the behavioral improvement. Pooling models suggest that the behavioral improvement was accomplished with a task-dependent and orientation-selective pooling of unaltered signals from early visual neurons. These data suggest that, even for training with stimuli suited to the selectivities found in early areas of visual cortex, behavioral improvements can occur in the absence of pronounced changes in the physiology of those areas. I N T R O D U C T I O NThe improvement of sensory abilities with practice has been demonstrated for somatosensory, auditory, and visual stimuli in both animals and humans (Goldstone 1998). Studies of neurons in primary auditory and somatosensory cortex have revealed training-related changes in both the mapping of response properties across the cortical surface and the sensitivities of individual neurons. These changes suggest that adult cortex is remarkably plastic; training can increase the number of neurons whose selectivities correspond to the demands of the training task (Jenkins et al. 1990a;Recanzone et al. 1993) and can increase neuronal selectivity (Recanzone et al. 1992b).In primary visual cortex (V1) plasticity of neuronal response properties has also been observed during the course of normal development (Chapman and Stryker 1993;Crair et al. 1998;DeAngelis et al. 1993;Fregnac and Imbert 1978;Ghose et al. 1994b;LeVay et al. 1980;Sclar et al. 1985), in response to environmental modifications i...

show abstract

Receptive-field properties of deafferentated visual cortical neurons after topographic map reorganization in adult cats

Cited by 113 publications

References 52 publications

Functional and cortical adaptations to central vision loss

Functional and cortical adaptations to central vision loss

The Effect of Perceptual Learning on Neuronal Responses in Monkey Visual Area V4

Physiological Correlates of Perceptual Learning in Monkey V1 and V2

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