Recent Trends in Composite Nanozymes and Their Pro-Oxidative Role in Therapeutics

Abstract

Nanozymes are inorganic nanostructures whose enzyme mimic activities are increasingly explored in disease treatment, taking inspiration from natural enzymes. The catalytic ability of nanozymes to generate reactive oxygen species can be used for designing effective antimicrobials and antitumor therapeutics. In this context, composite nanozymes are advantageous, particularly because they integrate the properties of various nanomaterials to offer a single multifunctional platform combining photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Hence, recent years have witnessed great progress in engineering composite nanozymes for enhanced pro-oxidative activity that can be utilized in therapeutics. Therefore, the present review traverses over the newer strategies to design composite nanozymes as pro-oxidative therapeutics. It provides recent trends in the use of composite nanozymes as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antitumor agents. This review also analyzes various challenges yet to be overcome by pro-oxidative composite nanozymes before being used in the field.

Nanozyme-Engineered Hydrogels for Anti-Inflammation and Skin Regeneration

“…This approach enables the development of NZs with enhanced catalytic activities, stability, and specificity. The combination of metallic NZs with carbon-based nanomaterials or inorganic nanomaterials has been shown to create hybrid NZs with enhanced catalytic activity [ 150 ]. For instance, Xi et al revealed metal valence state-dependent catalytic properties in metal–carbon-based hybrid NZs [ 151 ].…”

Molybdesum selenide-based platelet-rich plasma containing carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite antioxidant hydrogels dressing promotes the wound healing

“…Nanoenzymes are prepared, size-controlled, and functionally tunable nanomaterials with enzyme-catalyzed properties [ 2 , 11 ]. It has been successfully designed to efficiently and stably mimic the activity of natural enzymes [ 12 ]. As the research on nanoenzymes progressed, their application potentials in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant damage, and cancer therapy have been extensively explored [ 13 – 16 ].…”

Recent Advances in Nanozyme-Mediated Strategies for Pathogen Detection and Control

“…To tackle this challenge, significant efforts have been directed toward the development of efficient, streamlined, and rapid pathogen detection methods as well as alternative broadspectrum antibacterial agents or strategies. For instance, certain detection platforms and antibacterial materials that utilize nanomaterials, such as continuous cascade nanozyme biosensors [20], cascade methods based on a natural self-assembled nanozyme [21], a nanozyme-mediated CRISPR-Cas 12a system [22], photothermal therapy (PTT) [23], photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photocatalytic therapy (PCT) [24], are emerging [25]. Recently, nanozyme-based sensing platforms have demonstrated successful applications in the diagnosis of bacteria, viruses, and plasmodium parasites [22,26,27].…”