Recent studies on small molecular and polymeric hole‐transporting materials for high‐performance perovskite solar cells

Abstract

A decade of significant research has led to the emergence of photovoltaic solar cells based on perovskites that have achieved an exceptionally high‐power conversion efficiency of 26.08%. A key breakthrough in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) occurred when solid hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) replaced liquid electrolytes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), because HTMs play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance as well as cell stability. This review is mainly focused on the HTMs that are responsible for hole transport and extraction in PSCs, which is one of the crucial components for efficient devices. Here, we have reviewed small molecular as well as polymeric HTMs that have been reported in the last two years and discussed their performance based on the analysis of their molecular architectures. Finally, we include a perspective on the molecular engineering of new functional HTMs for highly efficient stable PSCs.

Dicyclopentadithienothiophene-based non-fullerene acceptors for ternary blend organic photovoltaics

“…Efficient solar energy harvesting is one of the most desired targets of future renewable energy. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Non-fullerene organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted considerable attention due to their advantages of lightweight, strong light-harvesting ability, mechanical flexibility, and tunable energy level. 7,8 Unlike the low synthetic flexibility and high production cost of fullerene materials, NFAs exhibit flexible structures, and relatively low fabrication costs.…”

Bicyclopentadithiophene-Based Organic Semiconductor for Stable and High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 22%

“…Due to the growing demand for sustainable energy, researchers mainly focus on the development of photovoltaic (PV) technologies, which convert solar energy into electrical energy. Compared to other futuristic PV technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a potential candidate for renewable clean energy technology. − In the last 10 years, PSCs have shown impressive advancements in conversion efficiencies from 3.8% in 2009 to 26.1% today in a single-junction architecture. PSCs have therefore been regarded as the fastest-advancing solar technology in 2016 .…”

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Examination of Molecules with Fused Thiophene and Pyrrole Groups Adsorbed on the Electrified Au(111) Interface

“…Small organic molecules bearing fused heterocyclics (FHC) have found applications as metal - free organic dyes used in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic light emitting diodes (OLED), organic photovoltaics (OPV) and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) . This FHC entity, a π-conjugated core unit, can be used to build a verity of donor–acceptor structures with chemical and material applications …”

“…4 This FHC entity, a π-conjugated core unit, can be used to build a verity of donor−acceptor structures with chemical and material applications. 5 In addition to the intrinsic characteristics of FHC molecules, their spatial structures in fabricated films can influence the mobility of charge carriers and the photo efficiencies of solar cells. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful tool to study molecular adsorption on a metal substrate.…”