Recent Progress in Synthesis of Sulfonamides and N‐Acylsulfonamides, Biological Applications and Their Structure‐Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies

Abstract

In recent years, sulfonamide and N‐acylsulfonamide have emerged as prominent areas of scientific research across multiple fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine. The large number of drugs and lead compounds reported in recent literature evidences the growing interest in these derivatives. Chemists are increasingly intrigued by these molecules owing to their seemingly limitless potential to serve as preferred molecules for numerous applications. Consequently, powerful activities are needed to think of new efficacious therapeutic agents, and it is imperative to discover novel synthetic analogs towards bacterial targets. Advancements in medicinal chemistry have focused on the development of novel sulfonamide and NAS‐bearing analogs that are less harmful, exhibit minimum side‐effort and enhanced dynamic properties. These advanced research areas are currently at the forefront of scientific inquiry. This present review elucidates the contemporary advancements in sulfonamide and N‐acylsulfonamide derivatives, which exhibit diverse and promising pharmacological activities. The different aspects of structure‐activity relationship (SAR) were discussed.

Ferric Chloride-Mediated Transacylation of N-Acylsulfonamides

“…The N -acylsulfonamide group is of great utility in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. , This group is well-known as the Kenner safety-catch linker because the secondary N -acylsulfonamide group is stable to nucleophilic reagents, anhydrous acids, and aqueous alkali but becomes susceptible to nucleophilic attacks after N -alkylation, making the linker useful for solid-phase peptide synthesis. − This group has also been used as a synthetic building block for preparing bioactive pharmaceutical agents and as a chemoselective acylating agent for amines and amino alcohols . Its inertness to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, together with its adequate acidity, makes it an ideal bioisostere of the carboxylic acid group with important pharmacological applications. ,− …”

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of New Copper (II) Complex with Sulfonamide

“…Sulfonamides and their derivatives constitute one of the families of biologically active molecules. They have broad applications in both human and veterinary medicine [1]. They have been employed as antimicrobial [2], antifungal, antimalarial, and anticancer agents [3], as well as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, whether in the form of diuretics or hypoglycemic reagents [4][5][6].…”

Photocatalytic Sulfonyl Peroxidation of Alkenes via Deamination of N-Sulfonyl Ketimines

“…Sulfonamides are inexpensive and abundant starting materials, while the direct deamination of sulfonamides for use as sulfonylation reagents presents a challenge because of the high bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the N–S bond (BDE ≈ 110 kcal/mol). In this context, the prefunctionalization of sulfonamides into various derivatives, including N -sulfonyl imines, N -acylsulfonamides, sulfonyl pyrylium salts, and sulfonyl pyrroles, etc., has facilitated the efficient N–S bond cleavage and further manipulations. Among them, N -sulfonyl imines serve as a bench-stable and readily available radical-type sulfonylation reagent (BDE of N–S bond ≈ 70 kcal/mol) under light-mediated reaction conditions.…”