Recent progress in spectroscopy of tungsten¹This review is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.

Abstract

This contribution reviews experimental and theoretical work on spectroscopy of tungsten published since the last critical compilation of the energy levels and spectral lines of highly ionized tungsten (Kramida and Shirai. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 95, 305 (2009)). Since then, 18 new experimental studies were published, which resulted in new identifications and (or) significantly improved wavelengths of spectral lines and energy levels of Li-like through As-like and Pm-like tungsten. A few tens of theoretical studies of tungsten spectra were published since 2008. A number of them report on high-precision calculations of energy levels, transition wavelengths, and radiative rates for tungsten spectra, such as neutral tungsten, Yb-like, Rh-like through Rb-like, Ag-like, Ga-like, Zn-like, Ni-like, Ca-like, Al-like, Mg-like, Na-like, Ne-like, B-like, Be-like, and Li-like. These developments are reviewed. Based on new experimental data, systematic errors are removed from some of the earlier measurements. Some new data are obtained by analyzing publications of other authors. Based on new published theoretical data, some old experimental results were confirmed and assessed. Revised and extended tables of energy levels and spectral lines of highly ionized tungsten are presented. PACS Nos: 32.10.Fn, 32.30.-r, 32.30.Jc, 32.30.Rj Résumé : Nous passons ici en revue les travaux expérimentaux et théoriques sur la spectroscopie du tungstène, qui ont été publiés depuis la dernière compilation systématique des niveaux d'énergie et des raies spectrales du tungstène hautement ionisé (Kamida et Shirai. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 95, 305 (2009)). Depuis, 18 nouvelles études expérimentales ont été publiées, qui ont résulté en de nouvelles identifications et une amélioration significative des longueurs d'onde des raies et de l'énergie des niveaux des ions de tungstène allant du type Li jusqu'aux types As et Pm. Quelques dizaines études théoriques sur le tungstène ont été publiées depuis 2008. Certaines d'entre elles rapportent des calculs de haute précision de niveaux d'énergie, de longueurs d'onde de transitions et de taux radiatifs pour des spectres de tungstène, neutre et ionisé de types Yb, de Rh à Rb, Ag, Ga, Zn, Ni, Ca, Al, Mg, Na, Ne, B, Be et Li. Nous les passons en revue. Les mesures récentes ont permis d'éliminer certaines erreurs systématiques des mesures antérieures. Certains nouveaux résultats viennent de l'analyse de publications d'autres auteurs. Les nouveaux résultats théoriques ont permis de confirmer des résultats expérimentaux antérieurs dont l'identification restait incertaine. Nous présentons des tables nouvelles et étendues des niveaux d'énergie et des raies spectrales du tungstène hautement ionisé. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

Radiative rates for E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions among the 3s23p5, 3s3p6, and 3s23p43d configurations of Cl-like W LVIII

“…Laboratory measurements have been compiled by Kramida [22] and the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) team [21], which are also included in the table. As stated earlier, we have performed a series of calculations with increasing CI and one of these includes the same 15 configurations (GRASP1) as considered by Mohan et al Our energies for the levels obtained are comparable with their results listed in Table 2, but here we also list the mixing coefficients from the GRASP1 calculations.…”

Relativistic atomic data for Cu-like tungsten

“…Theoretical results were compared with recent EBIT measurements in Cu-like ytterbium, tungsten, osmium, gold, lead, bismuth, thorium, and uranium. An overview of recent work on W ions including Cu-like W ions is given by Kramida [23].…”

Dielectronic recombination of Rh-like Gd and W

“…Tungsten is being considered as a plasma-facing material in magnetically confined fusion devices, such as ITER, because of its low sputtering rate, high-temperature characteristics, and low tritium absorption. Considerable effort has been made to obtain reliable atomic data to enable identification of reference lines for plasma diagnostics and to reliably estimate radiative cooling rates (see most recently review papers [4][5][6][7][8]). In contrast to the situation for Gd, a significant number of publications on DR processes have been published for tungsten [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”