Recent progress in n-type CdZnTe arrays for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Nemirovsky, Y.; Asa, G.; Gorelik, Julia; Peyser, A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00877-9

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The CZT detector array have several CZT crystals and two crystals have 8 x 8 pixels and another one have 16 x 8 pixels .The readout circuit under every pixel get the pixel signal ,amplify and shaper the signal ,finally send to multi-channel analyzer based on FPGA board .PC display the spectrum of every pixel signal via USB port [4] . We analyze the spectrum and can determine characteristic spectral line of the radiation .Furtherly, the radiant substance can be evaluated through the characteristic spectral line.…”

Section: Evaluation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments and Evaluation Based Pixellated CZT Semiconductor Detector

Shen¹,

Tang²

2013

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Systems Engineering and Modeling

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Abstract：Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) material is one of the preferred materials for the fabrication of X-ray and gamma-ray detector. In this paper, it is presented an experimental detector system based on pixellated CZT semiconductor detector. At the same time, some research and design on the surface signal-readout method and the preamplifier circuitry is made. The signal coming from the CdZnTe material exposed to the radiation through the experiment is successfully required. The collection-efficiency between the electron and the hole in the anode is test when the different bias is applied in the pixellated CZT semiconductor detector. The parameter of the CZT detector and validate the responsive effect for the radiation is evaluated.The experiments and evaluation basis for the development of subsequent gamma spectrometer.

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Section: Evaluation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments and Evaluation Based Pixellated CZT Semiconductor Detector

Shen¹,

Tang²

2013

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Systems Engineering and Modeling

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“…The possibility to reduce bias currents by using high-work-function (WF) blocking contacts on the cathode side of the n-type CZT was discussed by various authors (e.g. [4,9,5]). …”

Section: Choice Of Contact Materials and Detector Design For Comparismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nemirovski et al [4] reported on the characterization of three types of contact configuration: first, ohmic In contacts on both, anode and cathode side, second, rectifying Au contacts on the cathode side with In contacts on the anode side, third, non-ohmic contacts on both, anode and cathode side (Au and Aluminum (Al)). At 122 keV, he obtained an energy resolution of 5.2%, 4.6%, and 7% for the three configurations, respectively.…”

Section: Choice Of Contact Materials and Detector Design For Comparismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors recognized that it is possible to reduce dark currents in MHB detectors by using p-type-intrinsic-n-type (PIN) and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) contacts [4][5][6][7][8]. Both schemes, PIN and MSM, can indeed reduce the dark currents by factors >10 and improve on the energy resolution of the detectors at low (<100 keV) energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed studies of pixelated CZT detectors grown with the modified horizontal Bridgman method

Jung

Krawczynski

Bürger

et al. 2007

Astroparticle Physics

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The detector material Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) achieves excellent spatial resolution and good energy resolution over a broad energy range, several keV up to some MeV. Presently, there are two main methods to grow CZT crystals, the Modified High-Pressure Bridgman (MHB) and the High-Pressure Bridgman (HPB) process. The study presented in this paper is based on MHB CZT substrates from the company vot, Israel, 76124]. Former studies have shown that high-work-function materials on the cathode side reduce the leakage current and, therefore, improve the energy resolution at lower energies. None of the studies have emphasized on the anode contact material. Therefore, we present in this paper the result of a detailed study in which for the first time the cathode material was kept constant and the anode material was varied. We used four different anode materials: Indium, Titanium, Chromium and Gold, metals with work-functions between 4.1 eV and 5.1 eV. The detector size was 2.0 · 2.0 · 0.5 cm 3 with 8 · 8 pixels and a pitch of 2.46 mm. The best performance was achieved with the low-work-function materials Indium and Titanium with energy resolutions of 2.0 keV (at 59 keV) and 1.9 keV (at 122 keV) for Titanium and 2.1 keV (at 59 keV) and 2.9 keV (at 122 keV) for Indium. Taking into account the large pixel pitch of 2.46 mm, these resolutions are very competitive in comparison to those achieved with detectors made of material produced with the more expensive conventional HPB method. We present a detailed comparison of our detector response with 3D simulations. The latter comparisons allow us to determine the mobility-lifetime-products (ls-products) for electrons and holes. Finally, we evaluated the temperature dependency of the detector performance and ls-products. For many applications temperature dependence is important, therefore, we extended the scope of our study to temperatures as low as À30°C. There are two important results. The breakdown voltage increases with decreasing temperature, and electron mobility-lifetime-product decreases by about 30% over a range from 20°C to À30°C. The latter effect causes the energy resolution to deteriorate, but the concomitantly increasing breakdown voltage makes it possible to increase the applied bias voltage and restore the full performance.

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“…While for a standard Orbotech detector they determined an energy resolution of 6 keV they found for detectors with Au cathode and CdS anodes and for detectors with Au cathode and In anodes at 59 keV an energy resolutions of ∼3 keV. Nemirovski et al (2001), 4 tested a variety of cathode and anode contacts on Orbotech detectors. The best energy resolution achieved was 5 keV at 122 keV with a detector with blocking Au cathode and ohmic In anodes.…”

Section: Orbotech Detectors With Alternative Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct comparison of the performance of CZT detectors contacted with various metals

Jung

Groza

Perkins

et al. 2005

Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VII

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Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) achieves excellent spatial resolution and good energy resolution over the broad energy range from several keV into the MeV energy range. In this paper we present the results of a systematic study of the performance of CZT detectors manufacturered by Orbotech (before IMARAD) depending on surface preparation, contact materials and contact deposition. The standard Orbotech detectors have the dimension of 2.0×2.0×0.5 cm. They have a pixellated In anode with 8×8 pixels and a monolithic In cathode. Using the same CZT substrates several times, we have made a direct comparison of the performance of different contact materials by replacing the cathode and/or the anode contacts with several high-workfunction metals. We present the performance of the detectors and conclude with an overview over our ongoing detector optimization.

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Recent progress in n-type CdZnTe arrays for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Experiments and Evaluation Based Pixellated CZT Semiconductor Detector

Experiments and Evaluation Based Pixellated CZT Semiconductor Detector

Detailed studies of pixelated CZT detectors grown with the modified horizontal Bridgman method

Direct comparison of the performance of CZT detectors contacted with various metals

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