Recent progress in creating complex and multiplexed surface-grafted macromolecular architectures

Xie, Zhuang; Gan, Tiansheng; Fang, Lvye; Zhou, Feng

doi:10.1039/d0sm01043j

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…In particular, functionalization of slippery surfaces with responsive polymer grafting could provide a route towards smart, biomimicking surfaces with dynamically tunable interfacial interactions. [ 63 ] Recently, PDA has been found to initiate photopolymerization and facilitate polymer grafting, in which it serves as a radical generator under UV irradiation. [ 64 ] Utilizing this feature, a vast range of stimuli‐responsive polymers could be grafted to functionalize the slippery LPDMS surface using the PDA patterns as templates ( Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Patterned Functionalization of Slippery “Liquid‐Like” Brush Surfaces via Microdroplet‐Confined Growth of Multifunctional Polydopamine Arrays

Fang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Slippery omniphobic covalently attached liquids enable smooth, transparent, pressure‐ and temperature‐resistant, and liquid‐repellent coatings. Patterned functionalization of such surfaces would drive technology developments and fundamental understandings in broad applications from biosensors to sustainable smart surfaces. Herein an additive microcontact printing approach in combination with the microdroplet‐confined synthesis is developed to functionalize slippery surfaces tethered with “liquid‐like” linear poly(dimethylsiloxane) by multifunctional polydopamine (PDA) arrays. Using glycerol and non‐ionic surfactant Tween‐20, microdroplet arrays containing dopamine monomers are printed onto the slippery surfaces and serve as microreactors for the in situ growth of PDA micropatterns. The confined growth approach enables tunable feature size, height, and morphology of the patterns, through which sub‐micrometer PDA dot arrays over centimeter‐square patterning area can be reliably achieved. Furthermore, the reactive and hydrophilic PDA micropatches allow further functionalization of the slippery surfaces with a diverse variety of materials, meanwhile the anti‐fouling and dynamically dewetting “liquid‐like” brushes permit minimum background contamination. Proof‐of‐concept demonstrations include PDA‐initiated photografting for stimuli‐responsive polymer functionalization, protein immobilization for microarray‐based immunoassays, as well as sliding‐induced selective dewetting of organic solutions to pattern photoluminescent perovskite microcrystals and nanoparticles. The current approach illustrates the potential for applying patterned slippery surfaces with multifunctional architectures in many fields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Patterned Functionalization of Slippery “Liquid‐Like” Brush Surfaces via Microdroplet‐Confined Growth of Multifunctional Polydopamine Arrays

Fang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Furthermore, the integration of different polymer brush types in a single system allows for the creation of multifunctional surfaces. [ 38 ] Huang et al. [ 39 ] have developed a mixed rod‐coil brush system with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)/poly(γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate) and shown that more well‐defined end‐point functional nanospikes can be achieved by incorporating secondary brushes into the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the integration of different polymer brush types in a single system allows for the creation of multifunctional surfaces. [38] Huang et al [39] have developed a mixed rod-coil brush system with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)/poly(𝛾-benzyll-glutamate) and shown that more well-defined end-point functional nanospikes can be achieved by incorporating secondary brushes into the system. Zhao et al [40] have reported successful fabrication of multiplexed brush architectures and reported the precise regulation of biomolecule immobilization using poly (glycidyl methacrylate)/poly(2-(2-azido-2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy) ethyl methacrylate) brush-based patterned surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Glucose Sensing Through Auto‐Fluorescent Polymer Brushes: From Surface Design to Nano‐Arrays

Aktas Eken,

Huang,

Prucker

et al. 2024

Small

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Designing smart (bio)interfaces with the capability to sense and react to changes in local environments offers intriguing possibilities for new surface‐based sensing devices and technologies. Polymer brushes make ideal materials to design such adaptive and responsive interfaces given their large variety of functional and structural possibilities as well as their outstanding abilities to respond to physical, chemical, and biological stimuli. Herein, a practical sensory interface for glucose detection based on auto‐fluorescent polymer brushes decorated with phenylboronic acid (PBA) receptors is presented. The glucose‐responsive luminescent surfaces, which are capable of translating conformational transitions triggered by pH variations and binding events into fluorescent readouts without the need for fluorescent dyes, are grown from both nanopatterned and non‐patterned substrates. Two‐photon laser scanning confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses reveal the relationship between the brush conformation and glucose concentration and confirm that the phenylboronic acid functionalized brushes can bind glucose over a range of physiologically relevant concentrations in a reversible manner. The combination of auto‐fluorescent polymer brushes with synthetic receptors presents a promising avenue for designing innovative and robust sensing systems, which are essential for various biomedical applications, among other uses.

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“…Polymer brushes (PBs) consist of polymer chains that are densely tethered to a surface by one end . Surface modification through polymer brushes has become a powerful tool due to the high degree of synthetic flexibility on various substrates including metal, glass, and polymer surfaces. − PBs enable the obtainment of functional coatings with well-controlled composition, architecture, and thickness. − Polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs), which contain charged groups in their repeating units, constitute an important class of PBs . They exhibit distinctive properties due to the repulsive electrostatic and steric interactions; those can be adjusted by counterions, pH, salt concentration, and solvent quality. − Many applications have been described for PEBs including artificial joints, enzyme immobilization supports, , smart actuators, , and responsive interfaces .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes via Alternating Copolymers of Styrene and Maleimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Stability

Eken

Ober

2022

Macromolecules

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Polyelectrolyte brushes are of great interest for various applications from smart actuators to fouling resistant surfaces. Strong stretching due to proximity and Coulombic repulsion of the neighboring chains is a key to their function, which creates tension along the polymer chains and leads to degrafting of polymer brushes from the surfaces. A promising approach to lower the tension along the backbone is to reduce the number of charged units. Herein, we report a series of strong polyelectrolyte brushes with precisely controlled architectures, based on the alternating copolymers of styrene and N-substituted maleimides. Alternating copolymerization is employed to ensure the homogeneous distribution of charged units and dilute the charge density. Tailor-made maleimide monomers bearing hydrocarbon spacers with cationic groups are copolymerized with styrene via surface-initiated Activators ReGenerated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI-ARGET ATRP). Swelling behavior of the brushes is investigated as a function of molecular weight and pH. In solution atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses and water contact angle measurements revealed that it is possible to obtain PEBs with good hydration properties, by combining hydrophobic and ionic units in an alternating sequence. Results also proved that the spacers play an important role in swelling behavior and wettability of brushes. Stability of the brushes is evaluated through incubation tests, and AFM is used to follow the changes in thickness and surface morphology. Brushes retained more than 80% of their original height after 3 weeks in buffer solutions. This study provides a novel approach to design PEBs with enhanced stability and adjustable macromolecular architecture.

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Recent progress in creating complex and multiplexed surface-grafted macromolecular architectures

Abstract: Surface-grafted macromolecules, including polymers, DNA, peptides etc., are versatile modifications to tailor the interfacial functions in a wide range of fields. In the review, we aim to provide an overview...

Cited by 11 publications

References 210 publications

High‐Resolution Patterned Functionalization of Slippery “Liquid‐Like” Brush Surfaces via Microdroplet‐Confined Growth of Multifunctional Polydopamine Arrays

High‐Resolution Patterned Functionalization of Slippery “Liquid‐Like” Brush Surfaces via Microdroplet‐Confined Growth of Multifunctional Polydopamine Arrays

Advancing Glucose Sensing Through Auto‐Fluorescent Polymer Brushes: From Surface Design to Nano‐Arrays

Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes via Alternating Copolymers of Styrene and Maleimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Stability

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