Recent progress in conjugated microporous polymers for clean energy: Synthesis, modification, computer simulations, and applications

Advances in porous organic polymers: syntheses, structures, and diverse applications

“…CMPs are microporous organic polymers that are emerging materials because of their permanent building blocks; huge surface areas; structural adjustability, diversity, and modularity; expanded degrees of conjugation; and excellent physiochemical stabilities. [79][80][81][82] Accordingly, CMPs have been used widely as materials for photovoltaic devices, light-harvesting, photocatalysis, adsorbents, luminescent materials, and clean energy applications (e.g., supercapacitors, H 2 storage, photocatalytic cells, metal-ion rechargeable batteries, CO 2 capture and conversion, and fuel cells). [79][80][81][82] The interesting properties of CMPs arise from (i) their expanded conjugated structures along the polymer chains (significantly enhancing their chemical and physiochemical stabilities) and (ii) their high surface areas and highly crosslinked polymeric network structures (improving their electrochemical activities, cycle stabilities, and kinetics and preventing the active material from dissolution into organic electrolytes).…”

“…[79][80][81][82] Accordingly, CMPs have been used widely as materials for photovoltaic devices, light-harvesting, photocatalysis, adsorbents, luminescent materials, and clean energy applications (e.g., supercapacitors, H 2 storage, photocatalytic cells, metal-ion rechargeable batteries, CO 2 capture and conversion, and fuel cells). [79][80][81][82] The interesting properties of CMPs arise from (i) their expanded conjugated structures along the polymer chains (significantly enhancing their chemical and physiochemical stabilities) and (ii) their high surface areas and highly crosslinked polymeric network structures (improving their electrochemical activities, cycle stabilities, and kinetics and preventing the active material from dissolution into organic electrolytes). [79][80][81][82][83][84] The approaches used most widely for the preparation of CMPs include phenazine ring fusion, electropolymerization, alkyne metathesis, Schiff base formation, and Yamamoto, Heck, Sonogashira-Hagihara, Buchwald-Hartwig, and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings.…”

“…[79][80][81][82] The interesting properties of CMPs arise from (i) their expanded conjugated structures along the polymer chains (significantly enhancing their chemical and physiochemical stabilities) and (ii) their high surface areas and highly crosslinked polymeric network structures (improving their electrochemical activities, cycle stabilities, and kinetics and preventing the active material from dissolution into organic electrolytes). [79][80][81][82][83][84] The approaches used most widely for the preparation of CMPs include phenazine ring fusion, electropolymerization, alkyne metathesis, Schiff base formation, and Yamamoto, Heck, Sonogashira-Hagihara, Buchwald-Hartwig, and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings. These methods allow good…”

Effect of the cross-linker length of thiophene units on photocatalytic hydrogen production of triazine-based conjugated microporous polymers

“…In order to obtain high-performance CMPs used in photocatalytic hydrogen production, various strategies have been proposed, such as extending conjugated block, modifying side chain structure, constructing donor–acceptor (D–A) type molecular structure, etc. 21,22 For example, Wang et al 23 reported the dibenzothiophene dioxide-containing CMPs with cross-linkers from benzene to biphenyl, and to p -terphenyl, and investigated the effect of cross-linker length on photocatalytic property. Lin et al 24 reported a truxene-based conjugated polymer with hydrophilic amino side chains, which dramatically modified the wettability and hydrogen evolution rate of polymer than that with hydrophobic octyl chains.…”

Microporous Hyper‐Cross‐Linked Polymers with High and Tuneable Content of Pyridine Units: Synthesis and Application for Reversible Sorption of Water and Carbon Dioxide

“…Organic polymers with permanent microporosity and micro/mesoporosity and high specific surface area represent a very interesting and intensively studied group of porous materials. [ 1–5 ] Polymers of this type are often referred to as POPs or microporous organic polymers (MOPs). POPs have mostly the architecture of extensively interconnected polymer networks and their permanent porosity originates from the rigidity of the segments of the network combined with extensive cross‐linking.…”