Recent Progress in Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Li-Ion and Na-Ion Batteries—A Review

Abstract

Batteries are the backbones of the sustainable energy transition for stationary off-grid, portable electronic devices, and plug-in electric vehicle applications. Both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), most commonly rely on carbon-based anode materials and are usually derived from non-renewable sources such as fossil deposits. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable anode candidates for LIBs and NIBs. The main purpose of this perspective is to brief the use of biomass residues for the preparation of carbon anodes for LIBs and NIBs annexed to the biomass-derived carbon physicochemical structures and their aligned electrochemical properties. In addition, an outlook and some challenges faced in this promising area of research is presented. This review enlightens the readers with valuable insights and a reasonable understanding of issues and challenges faced in the preparation, physicochemical properties, and application of biomass-derived carbon materials as anode candidates for LIBs and NIBs.

Sustainable Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Potassium and Aluminum Batteries: Conceptualizing the Key Parameters for Improved Performance

“…Heteroatom doping is widely employed to be an effective strategy to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon electrodes; this is mainly because the insertion of heteroatoms can create surface functionalities, create defects, enhance the conductivity, improve the porosity, or enlarge the carbon interlayer spacing [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. The insertion of heteroatoms in the carbon structure provokes electron density changes, which may change the polarity of the carbon surface, generating binding sites formation ions/anions, and making the surface catalytically active for different reactions including in batteries [ 44 ].…”

Carbon–based Materials for Li‐ion Battery

“…Furthermore, highly disordered carbon materials, encompassing hard carbon, highly porous activated carbon, and biomass carbons, fall within the realm of active Li-storage materials, exhibiting significant storage capacity. [25][26][27][28] This review focuses on the various research progress that happens in different types of carbon-based materials from the bulk to the nano realm and their influences as anode materials in the advancement of LIB technology. More detailed analyses of the Li-storage mechanisms and their variations when the structure changes from order to disorder and from bulk to the nano, influence of different electrolytes, etc., are reviewed with general conclusions and perspectives.…”

“…On the other hand, the nanostructure foams of carbons, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc., can be utilized as active storage materials, conductive additives, and structural components incorporating with other active materials as composites due to their structural robustness and highly tunable electrical conductivity. Furthermore, highly disordered carbon materials, encompassing hard carbon, highly porous activated carbon, and biomass carbons, fall within the realm of active Li‐storage materials, exhibiting significant storage capacity [25–28] . This review focuses on the various research progress that happens in different types of carbon–based materials from the bulk to the nano realm and their influences as anode materials in the advancement of LIB technology.…”

Low-Temperature Aged Synthesis of CeO₂-coated Li-rich Oxide as Cathode for Low Cost High Energy Density Li-ion Batteries

“…Li-ion batteries have been widely used in various electronic devices because of their higher energy density and longer cycle life than other secondary batteries [1][2][3] . Comparing with anodes, the currently available cathodes for lithium ion batteries have low specific capacity, which cannot meet the high energy density requirement of advanced devices [4][5][6] . Layered Li-rich manganese oxides (LLMOs) with a formula of xLi2MnO3•(1-x)LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) have received much attention due to their large specific capacity (＞200 mAh g -1 ) and high operating voltage (＞4.5 V vs. Li/Li + ) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .…”