Recent Innovation of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Photocatalytic Reduction

Abstract

The accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) pollutants in the atmosphere begets global warming, forcing us to face tangible catastrophes worldwide. Environmental affability, affordability, and efficient CO2 metamorphotic capacity are critical factors for photocatalysts; metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the best candidates. MOFs, as hybrid organic ligand and inorganic nodal metal with tailorable morphological texture and adaptable electronic structure, are contemporary artificial photocatalysts. The semiconducting nature and porous topology of MOFs, respectively, assists with photogenerated multi-exciton injection and adsorption of substrate proximate to void cavities, thereby converting CO2. The vitality of the employment of MOFs in CO2 photolytic reaction has emerged from the fact that they are not only an inherently eco-friendly weapon for pollutant extermination, but also a potential tool for alleviating foreseeable fuel crises. The excellent synergistic interaction between the central metal and organic linker allows decisive implementation for the design, integration, and application of the catalytic bundle. In this review, we presented recent MOF headway focusing on reports of the last three years, exhaustively categorized based on central metal-type, and novel discussion, from material preparation to photocatalytic, simulated performance recordings of respective as-synthesized materials. The selective CO2 reduction capacities into syngas or formate of standalone or composite MOFs with definite photocatalytic reaction conditions was considered and compared.

Recent Advances in Photocatalytic CO2 Utilisation Over Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…Figure 1a illustrates the process of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction over MOFs under solar light irradiation. Although there are several published review papers summarising the synthesis, strategies, and applications in photocatalytic reactions, it is essential to provide a timely progress of the recent research advances in this field [17,18,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]. Figure 1b displays the continuous increase in the thousands of publications reported every year based on MOFs and CO 2 reduction reactions, showing the popularity of this field amongst scientists around the world.…”

Recent Advances in Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Applications in Energy and Environment

“…[ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] Moreover, to mitigate the environmental damages caused by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission, it is important to reduce the amount of CO 2 released into the atmosphere. [ 5 ] One plausible approach is to capture CO 2 from the industrial exhaust and chemically reduce it to carbon monoxide (CO) or other value‐added reusable hydrocarbons such as methane (CH 4 ), methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) and many other chemicals. [ 6 , 7 ] However, it remains a great challenge to find the appropriate photocatalytic materials with optimal properties and excellent performance to meet the practical applications.…”

“…[ 9 , 10 ] Later, MOFs were widely investigated for other applications such as sensing, energy storage and conversion, drug delivery, optoelectronics, batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and catalysis. [ 5 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] Since the past few years, MOFs have further been used in solar energy‐driven applications especially as photocatalysts for H 2 evolution (by water splitting), dye degradation and CO 2 reduction. [ 16 , 18 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] The moderate strength of coordination bonds between the metal nodes and organic ligands, the wide energy bandgaps and the poor semiconducting properties (with limited electric charge generation and charge transfer) of pristine MOFs make them less favorable to be directly employed in photocatalytic applications.…”

Trends and Prospects in UiO‐66 Metal‐Organic Framework for CO2 Capture, Separation, and Conversion

“…Inspired by the advancements mentioned above and by the vast available literature on UiO‐66 MOF as illustrated in Figure 3, the current review, therefore, focuses on UiO‐66 MOFs for CO 2 capture, separation and conversion applications. Although there are numerous papers and reviews covering MOFs applied to CO 2 capture, separation, and conversion [15,71–80] . However, this review′s importance lies particularly in the versatility of the pristine, functionalized and composites of UiO‐66 MOFs materials covering the literature from 2008 to 2020.…”