Recent developments in the study of orchid mycorrhiza

Rasmussen, Henrik

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1284-2_15

Cited by 173 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Para utilização dos fungos micorrízicos na produção simbiótica de mudas é importante testá-los quanto à efi ciência em promover a germinação e o desenvolvimento das orquídeas, uma vez que variações nessa efi ciência podem ser observadas entre isolados de uma mesma espécie e entre isolados de diferentes espécies de um gênero (Rasmussen 2002;Stewart & Kane 2006). Os isolados testados neste trabalho apresentaram diferença na efi ciência em promover a germinação das sementes e o desenvolvimento dos protocormos de E. secundum (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A especifi cidade na associação do fungo micorrízico e da orquídea precisa ser considerada durante a seleção dos isolados a serem utilizados na germinação simbiótica das sementes (Rasmussen 2002). Os estudos têm mostrado que a especifi cidade é variável entre as espécies de orquídea, de forma que orquídeas de um mesmo gênero podem associarse a uma maior gama de fungos e outras com menor gama (Taylor & Bruns 1999;Sheff erson et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Estes fungos estão dispersos nos ambientes naturais, exercendo outros papéis ecológicos como saprófi tas, pató-genos ou simbiontes de espécies vegetais de outras famílias (Rasmussen 2002). Estudos têm relatado a efi ciência destes fungos em promover a germinação de sementes de orquí-deas hospedeiras e não-hospedeiras na natureza (Zettler et al 1999;Pereira et al 2005c).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) em associação com fungos micorrízicos do gênero Epulorhiza

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT(Seed germination and protocorm development of Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) in association with Epulorhiza mycorrhizal fungi). In nature, species of Orchidaceae are always associated with mycorrhizal fungi. Th e comprehension of fungal-plant specifi city in this association can assist with the establishment of programs that focus on symbiotic propagation of orchids. Epulorhiza mycorrhizal fungi have frequently been isolated from Epidendrum secundum Jacq. Th us, the objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of E. secundum seeds and protocorm development associated with diff erent isolates of Epulorhiza spp. Sixteen Epulorhiza fungi obtained from diff erent E. secundum populations were used. Aft er 44 days, all isolates promoted seed germination of this species. However, differences were observed in the effi ciency in promoting seed germination and protocorm development, even among the isolates that had morphological similarities. Th e highest stage of protocorm development and the highest growth indexes were obtained in the presence of isolate M65. Th e results suggest that seed germination and protocorm development of E. secundum depend on the mycorrhizal fungi and, despite the high frequency of association between this plant and Epulorhiza, it is important to select isolates with high effi ciency to establish symbiosis. Effi cient isolates are useful for the production of seedlings that have economic and ornamental importance, as well as for endangered orchids.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) em associação com fungos micorrízicos do gênero Epulorhiza

et al. 2011

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“…Mycorrhizal scientists no longer consider hyphal lysis an important means of nutrient transfer in balanced mycorrhizal associations (Smith & Smith, 1990), but lysis seems to be more important in exploitative associations. Exploitative associations have unique, highly complex interfaces that function by means that are not fully understood (Burgeff, 1959;Robertson & Robertson, 1982 ;Leake, 1994;Schmid & Oberwinkler, 1994;Rasmussen, 2002). Further work is required to determine how these mycorrhizas function.…”

Section: (3 ) Exploitative Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

2004

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Most mycorrhizas are ' balanced ' mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. Myco-heterotrophic plants have 'exploitative ' mycorrhizas where transfer processes apparently benefit only plants. Exploitative associations are symbiotic (in the broad sense), but are not mutualistic. A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant-fungus interactions is provided. This definition recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant-fungus development. The diversity of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is considered. Mycorrhizal fungi also function as endophytes, necrotrophs and antagonists of host or non-host plants, with roles that vary during the lifespan of their associations. It is recommended that mycorrhizal associations are defined and classified primarily by anatomical criteria regulated by the host plant. A revised classification scheme for types and categories of mycorrhizal associations defined by these criteria is proposed. The main categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (VAM) are 'linear' or 'coiling ', and of ectomycorrhizal associations (ECM) are ' epidermal ' or 'cortical '. Subcategories of coiling VAM and epidermal ECM occur in certain host plants. Fungus-controlled features result in ' morphotypes ' within categories of VAM and ECM. Arbutoid and monotropoid associations should be considered subcategories of epidermal ECM and ectendomycorrhizas should be relegated to an ECM morphotype. Both arbuscules and vesicles define mycorrhizas formed by glomeromycotan fungi. A new classification scheme for categories, subcategories and morphotypes of mycorrhizal associations is provided.

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“…Orchidaceous mycorrhizal fungi are not known to readily produce fruiting bodies (Rasmussen 2002) and the hyphae are too fine to observe in the rhizosphere. Therefore, the persistence of orchid mycorrhizal fungi after reintroduction to new sites has not previously been investigated.…”

Section: Experimental Reintroduction Of the Threatened Terrestrial Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental reintroduction of the threatened terrestrial orchid Diuris fragrantissima

2015

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Diuris fragrantissima D. L. Jones et M. A. Clem. is a perennial terrestrial orchid endemic to the state of Victoria, Australia. The species is listed as Critically Endangered in Victoria under the criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), having suf- fered a severe population decline since the 1930s, largely attributable to habitat destruction for agricul- tural and urban development.

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Recent developments in the study of orchid mycorrhiza

Cited by 173 publications

References 46 publications

Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) em associação com fungos micorrízicos do gênero Epulorhiza

Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) em associação com fungos micorrízicos do gênero Epulorhiza

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

Experimental reintroduction of the threatened terrestrial orchid Diuris fragrantissima

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