Recent developments in the probiotics as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) as modulators of gut brain axis related neurological conditions

Abstract

Probiotics have been defined as “living microorganisms that create health benefits in the host when taken in sufficient amounts. Recent developments in the understanding of the relationship between the microbiom and its host have shown evidence about the promising potential of probiotics to improve certain health problems. However, today, there are some confusions about traditional and new generation foods containing probiotics, naming and classifications of them in scientific studies and also their marketing. To clarify this confusion, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared that it has made a new category definition called "live biotherapeutic products" (LBPs). Accordingly, the FDA has designated LBPs as “a biological product that: i)contains live organisms, such as bacteria; ii)is applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of a disease/condition of human beings; and iii) is not a vaccine”. The accumulated literature focused on LBPs to determine effective strains in health and disease, and often focused on obesity, diabetes, and certain diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).However, microbiome also play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases that age day by day in the modern world via gut-brain axis. Herein, we discuss the novel roles of LBPs in some gut-brain axis related conditions in the light of recent studies. This article may be of interest to a broad readership including those interested in probiotics as LBPs, their health effects and safety, also gut-brain axis.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant as a novel anti-cancer adjuvant

“…Among them, bacteria are the most extensively studied [1]. Growing number of studies demonstrated that intestinal microbiota composition deeply affects human health [2,3]. Regarding cancer, while certain detrimental bacterial species may induce cellular transformation triggering both local and systemic inflammation, other ones protect the host against tumor development, for example by improving the immune system functionality [4,5].…”

Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Protects against Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Lipid Droplet Formation via PLIN4 Gene Regulation

“…They are “friendly” or “healthy” bacteria that we ingest through foods, beverages, and dietary supplements. Two of the most frequently reported benefits of probiotics are the anti-inflammatory effect that they exert on the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut–brain axis [ 16 , 17 ] and the correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is related to CNS disorders, with poorly understood etiology, and infections [ 18 ].…”