Recent developments in magnetically driven micro- and nanorobots

Chen, Xiang‐Zhong; Hoop, Marcus; Mushtaq, Fajer; Siringil, Erdem; Hu, Chengzhi; Nelson, Bradley J.; Pané, Salvador

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2017.04.006

Cited by 329 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…After calcium alginate degradation, the helical micromotors with desired hollow or hierarchical core-shell structures could be successfully achieved, as shown in Figure 4c,d. [45,46] To impart our helical micromotors with the feature of magnetic field responsiveness,m agnetic nanoparticle-tagged pregel solution was employed. Since these micromotors have complex interior structure,diverse propulsion mode and highly versatile functions could be attached to them.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Lithography of Bioinspired Helical Micromotors

et al. 2017

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Considerable efforts have been devoted to developing artificial micro/nanomotors that can convert energy into movement. A flow lithography integrated microfluidic spinning and spiraling system is developed for the continuous generation of bioinspired helical micromotors. Because the generation processes could be precisely tuned by adjusting the flow rates and the illuminating frequency, the length, diameter, and pitch of the helical micromotors were highly controllable. Benefiting from the fast online gelation and polymerization, the resultant helical micromotors could be imparted with Janus, triplex, and core-shell cross-sectional structures that have never been achieved by other methods. Owing to the spatially controlled encapsulation of functional nanoparticles in the microstructures, the helical micromotors can perform locomotion not only by magnetically actuated rotation or corkscrew motion but also through chemically powered catalytic reaction.

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Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Lithography of Bioinspired Helical Micromotors

et al. 2017

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“…These developments led to the current stage of research where environmental and biomedical applications are envisioned, and the first generation of microswimmers for in vivo applications was tested . Thereby, two directions can be identified: microorganisms are used directly by functionalizing them as biohybrids and in a second step, one can learn from the swimming behavior of these microorganisms and create fully synthetic bioinspired microswimmers . The second step appears necessary to account for some limitations typically associated with biological organisms such as the reproducibility and the industrial scalability of the envisioned methods .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biohybrid and Bioinspired Magnetic Microswimmers

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Codutti

Bachmann

et al. 2018

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Many motile microorganisms swim and navigate in chemically and mechanically complex environments. These organisms can be functionalized and directly used for applications (biohybrid approach), but also inspire designs for fully synthetic microbots. The most promising designs of biohybrids and bioinspired microswimmers include one or several magnetic components, which lead to sustainable propulsion mechanisms and external controllability. This Review addresses such magnetic microswimmers, which are often studied in view of certain applications, mostly in the biomedical area, but also in the environmental field. First, propulsion systems at the microscale are reviewed and the magnetism of microswimmers is introduced. The review of the magnetic biohybrids and bioinspired microswimmers is structured gradually from mostly biological systems toward purely synthetic approaches. Finally, currently less explored parts of this field ranging from in situ imaging to swarm control are discussed.

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“…The speed control of artificial micromotors is an intriguing topic. [40,41] In contrast to the design and propulsion mechanism of prior motors, the FSFSMs rely on the movement of freely swimming sperm cells by flagellar propulsion. Unlike most micromotors which usually feature rigid structures that are not amenable to environmental cues, the speed of the new FSFSMs can be controlled by changing solution osmolarity that leads to shortening of their flagellar length.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adbi201700160mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotactic Guidance of Synthetic Organic/Inorganic Payloads Functionalized Sperm Micromotors

et al. 2017

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The preparation and operation of free swimming functionalized sperm micromotors (FSFSMs) as intelligent self‐guided biomotors with intrinsic chemotactic motile behavior are reported. The natural sperm biomotors are functionalized with a wide variety of synthetic nanoscale payloads, such as CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, doxorubicin hydrochloride drug coated iron‐oxide nanoparticles, and fluorescein isothiocyanate‐modified Pt nanoparticles via endocytosis. The FSFSMs display efficient self‐propulsion in various biological and environmental media with controllable swarming behavior upon exposure to a chemical attractant. As a new class of environmentally responsive smart biomotors, the control of the FSFSM speed is achieved by varying the solution osmolarity that leads to different flagellar lengths. High drug loading capacity and responsive release kinetics are obtained with such sperm biomotors. The transport of synthetic cargo can be guided by the intrinsic chemotaxis of the FSFSMs. The chemotactic characteristics, speed control mechanism, and responsive payload release of the FSFSMs are investigated. Such use of free swimming functionalized sperm cells as intelligent microscale biomotors offers considerable potential for diverse biomedical and environmental applications.

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Recent developments in magnetically driven micro- and nanorobots

Cited by 329 publications

References 91 publications

Microfluidic Lithography of Bioinspired Helical Micromotors

Microfluidic Lithography of Bioinspired Helical Micromotors

Biohybrid and Bioinspired Magnetic Microswimmers

Chemotactic Guidance of Synthetic Organic/Inorganic Payloads Functionalized Sperm Micromotors

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