Recent developments and clinical potential on decellularized adipose tissue

Abstract

Natural and synthetic materials have been developed to provide a three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold that mimics the extracellular matrix properties for tissue regeneration and reconstruction. On account of the excellent biological and mechanical properties, diverse decellularized tissue materials have been developed as natural scaffolds. Among them, decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) has generated great interest in recent years due to the extensiveness of the source and the eximious potential to enhance the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. In this review, we compared the different physical, chemical, and biological treatment in recorded decellularization methods, and illustrated the similarities and differences in the characteristics of various aspects of DATs prepared by different methods, including macroscopic (macro) and microcosmic (micro) structure, cellular contents removal, DNA quantification, collagen, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) or growth factors retention, and mechanical properties. We also summarized the DAT application in the studies of tissue regeneration, wound healing, drug screening, and other diseases. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2562-2573, 2018.

Biochemical and biomechanical comparisions of decellularized scaffolds derived from porcine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

“…The results revealed that the retention of collagen I and laminin was significantly reduced in SDAT and VDAT compared to native tissue, but the collagen IV is well preserved in decellularized tissue (Figure 7(a)). The reduction in collagen I and laminin in decellularized tissue compared to native tissue may be ascribed to the damage caused by chemical agents during decellularized process, 20,62 emphasising the importance of an optimal decellularization strategy that could achieve a good balance between optimal decellularization and maintaining matrix physical properties. 63,64 Further analysis demonstrated a significant higher relative expression of collagen I in SDAT than in VDAT and a weak mechanical strength of VDAT compared with SDAT.…”

“…[13][14][15][16][17] In recent years, several groups have been testing DAT in vitro and in vivo for potential clinically translatable, tissue-engineering applications. [18][19][20] Most recently, Kokai et al 21 reported a first allograft implantation of DAT in the dorsal wrist of patients. The DAT matrix maintained softtissue volume in the dorsal wrist in a 4-month investigation with no severe adverse events and adipogenesis was found in the matrix, indicating that DAT could serve as a biomaterial product for clinical soft-tissue filling in the future.…”

Clinical Translational Potential in Skin Wound Regeneration for Adipose-Derived, Blood-Derived, and Cellulose Materials: Cells, Exosomes, and Hydrogels

“…The methodology for decellularizing adipose tissue was pioneered by Flynn and colleagues [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ] and has since been confirmed by multiple independent laboratories [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. These methods combine biological (enzyme digestion), chemical, and physical processing steps to achieve the uniform and consistent manufacture of protein scaffolds depleted of contaminating genomic DNA and lipids.…”

Review of Plastic Surgery Biomaterials and Current Progress in Their 3D Manufacturing Technology

“…Decellularized tissue. The acellular tissue matrix is a product of the decellularization process including a chemical or physical method for removing antigens associated with rejection in tissue transplantation [ 19 , 20 ]. It is a new type of biomaterial and is mainly used for the repair of cosmetic injury tissues, especially skin transplantation after burns.…”

“… Examples of main materials used in plastic and cosmetic surgery. ( A ) Images of native and decellularized adipose tissue [ 20 ]. ( B ) The pre-shaped PLA inner core sandwiched between the pair of pre-shaped PGA layers for ear reconstruction [ 58 ].…”