Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review

Lavalle-Carrasco, Jesús; Molina-Frechero, Nelly; Nevárez-Rascón, Martina; Sánchez-Pérez, Leonor; Hamdan-Partida, Aída; González-González, Rogelio; Cassi, Diana; Isiordia-Espinoza, Mario Alberto; Bologna‐Molina, Ronell

doi:10.3390/ijerph18010317

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The data collected for EDNA s first wave did not include information on some other relevant factors that may affect the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis. Information about teeth brushing habits and, in general, about the consumption of food and beverages that are known to have high fluoride concentrations (e.g., tea and canned fish [30]) should be collected in the next wave. EDNA's questionnaire to the principal caregiver included a binary question about milk formula consumption during the child's lactation period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Latin America, dental fluorosis has been documented in Brazil [18][19][20][21], Argentina [22,23], and Mexico [24][25][26][27]. It is well-established in the public health literature that fluoride, commonly used in dental preparations (e.g., toothpaste, gels, and varnishes) or added to certain vehicles such as water, milk, and salt, is effective in preventing dental caries and the minimum fluoride concentration for obtaining such protection is 0.5 mg/L [28][29][30]. Communities where naturally occurring fluoride in water is very low may benefit from exposure to slightly higher fluoride concentrations to reduce caries prevalence [31,32], and might reduce bone fracture risk [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental Fluorosis in Children from Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Persistent Public Health Problem

Dávila

2021

Water

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This paper estimates the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among participants in the first wave of The Aguascalientes Longitudinal Study of Child Development (EDNA). The analytical sample includes 1052 children in 100 public elementary schools. Dental fluorosis is determined using the Modified Dean’s Index. There is a 43% general dental fluorosis prevalence, and the estimated Community Fluorosis Index is 0.99. Five municipalities report average groundwater fluoride concentrations above the official Mexican guideline value of 1.5 mg/L. In those municipalities, there is a 50% average dental fluorosis prevalence. An ordered logistic regression analysis indicates that obesity in participants increases the likelihood of suffering more severe dental fluorosis symptoms compared with normal-weight participants (OR = 1.62, p < 0.05). Households consuming tap water are more likely to have children suffering more severe dental fluorosis symptoms (OR = 1.63, p < 0.05). Children aged 8 years are more likely to present more severe dental fluorosis symptoms than their peers aged 7 years (OR = 1.37, p < 0.05). Dental fluorosis will persist as a public health problem in Aguascalientes State unless appropriate technologies for fluoride removal from water are installed and operated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Fluorosis in Children from Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Persistent Public Health Problem

Dávila

2021

Water

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“…In locations more impacted by the emissions, especially in Covatina, several fluorite (CaF 2 ) particles were identified in the rooftop dust sample closest to the eruption. The association between F − geochemistry and health is well documented (e.g., [49,50]). Fluoride metabolism varies with solubility, structure, reactivity and release of F − ions.…”

Section: Rooftop and Ambient Pm 10 Dust Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)

et al. 2021

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Fogo (Fogo Island) is the youngest and most active volcano of Cape Verde. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming to assess the dust sources that impacted the air quality during the present study period, fresh lava samples were collected, while Saharan dust intrusions and transport were modeled. Rooftop dust was also collected on the island dwellings and a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution was assessed by XRD and Electron Microprobe. The pseudototal chemical concentration was performed by XRF, ICP-MS and SEM; the latter includes particles morphology. During the study, WRF-CHIMERE results showed the intrusion of desert dust which affected the air quality. Lava was classified as tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. The Pollution Load Index for rooftop dust was >1 in all samples, suggesting an enrichment. Higher values were found in dust size fraction <63 µm, with contamination factor pointing to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd. The non-carcinogenic hazard estimated for children suggested that health problems may arise. The carcinogenic risk was above the target risk, mostly due to As > Pb > Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route. PM10 concentrations exceeded the 24-h mean of 50 µg/m3 recommended by WHO. Nevertheless, TVOCs displayed levels lower than guidelines. The highest levels of CO2 were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano.

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“…Considering the body burden of fluoride, the biomarkers of fluoride exposure have then been divided into three categories [Pessan and Buzalaf, 2011;Rugg-Gunn et al, 2011, Lavalle-Carrasco et al, 2021: contemporary (e.g., blood/plasma, saliva, and urine), recent (e.g., nails and hairs), and historical (e.g., bone and teeth). Contemporary biomarkers measure present or very recent exposure to fluoride, whereas recent and historical biomarkers measure sub-chronic and chronic exposure to fluoride [Pessan and Buzalaf, 2011;Rugg-Gunn et al, 2011;Lavalle-Carrasco et al, 2021]. Based on pharmacokinetic findings [Villa et al, 2010], 24-h urinary fluoride excretion is considered a reliable biomarker of fluoride exposure [Baez et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Exposure in Community Prevention Programmes for Oral Health Using Nail Clippings and Spot Urine Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Eskandari,

Kumah,

Azevedo

et al. 2023

Caries Res

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Due to practical difficulties in quantifying fluoride exposure in populations, practical and accurate biomarkers can play a major role in the surveillance of fluoride. Among different fluoride biomarkers, spot urine and nail clippings have gained more attention due to their ease of acquisition. However, there is no robust consensus about the accuracy of these biomarkers for the estimation of fluoride exposure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise evidence on the association between fluoride exposure and the fluoride concentration of spot urine and nail clippings. This review was conducted and reported using the PRISMA Statement. Nine databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Sage Journals Online, Campbell Collaboration, Cochrane Collaboration, and Embase); search engines (Google and Google Scholar); and grey literature were searched up to September 2022. All screening, data extraction, and quality assessments were conducted in duplicate. All experimental and observational research studies that reported the correlation between fluoride exposure and fluoride concentrations of spot urine and/or nail clippings were included. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A random effect meta-analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between fluoride exposure and fluoride concentration of biomarkers (i.e., spot urine and nail clippings). Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 694,578 participants were included in this review. Twenty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The primary meta-analysis showed a moderate correlation of 0.674 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.623–0.725, n = 25) between fluoride intake and fluoride concentration of spot urine and a strong correlation of 0.938 (95% CI: 0.520–1.355, n = 11) between fluoride intake and the fluoride concentration of nail clippings in all age groups. The findings of secondary meta-analyses showed a strong positive correlation between fluoride intake and fluoride/creatinine ratio of spot urine in children (0.929; 95% CI: 0.502–0.991; n = 2). In conclusion, spot urine and nail clippings have the potential to be employed as non-invasively obtained biomarkers in populations. However, due to the scarcity of high quality, relevant studies, more research is needed to establish the validity of these biomarkers.

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Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Dental Fluorosis in Children from Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Persistent Public Health Problem

Dental Fluorosis in Children from Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Persistent Public Health Problem

Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)

Fluoride Exposure in Community Prevention Programmes for Oral Health Using Nail Clippings and Spot Urine Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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