Recent advances on the regulation of bacterial biofilm formation by herbal medicines

Zhang, Meimei; Wang, Han; Gu, Jingmin; Qiu, Cao; Jiang, Qiujie; Dong, Jing; Lei, Liancheng; Li, Fengyang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039297

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…However, differences in methodology make it impossible to draw conclusions about the relative efficacy of these inhibitors. Many recent reviews have emphasized the need for such inhibitors, discussed alternative strategies, and summarized compounds investigated in this context in diverse bacterial species ( 2 , 3 , 39 – 41 ). We have focused our efforts on S. aureus owing to its prominence as a cause of orthopedic infections including those involving bone and indwelling hardware, both of which are characterized to a significant extent by the formation of a biofilm ( 42 – 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of small molecules reported to be inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation

Campbell,

Beenken,

Spencer

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Biofilm formation is an important characteristic of many Staphylococcus aureus infections because it limits the efficacy of host defenses and conventional antibiotic therapy. There are many literature reports that describe small molecule inhibitors of S. aureus biofilm formation, but the lack of direct comparisons and differences in the methods used to assess inhibition make it impossible to assess the efficacy of these compounds relative to each other. To address this, we compared 19 compounds reported in the literature to be inhibitors of S. aureus biofilm formation. We used the methicillin-susceptible clinical osteomyelitis isolate UAMS-1 in a microtiter plate biofilm assay shown to maximize biofilm formation and provide results consistent with those observed in vivo . Under these conditions, telithromycin (Ketek) showed the greatest inhibitory activity, limiting biofilm formation to a degree comparable to a UAMS-1 sarA mutant at a concentration of 0.49 µM (0.40 µg/mL). Similar results were obtained for the methicillin-resistant USA300 strain LAC. Telithromycin is a bacteriostatic ketolide antibiotic that is not currently approved in the United States for use as an antibiotic due to its concerning safety profile. However, the concentration required to limit growth in vitro was higher than the concentration required to limit biofilm formation, suggesting that low-dose telithromycin might be useful to limit biofilm formation and increase the efficacy of other antibiotics in biofilm-associated infections. Irrespective of whether telithromycin is ultimately proven clinically useful in this regard, these results emphasize the need for widespread use of a standardized in vitro approach to evaluate prospective inhibitors. IMPORTANCE Because biofilm formation is such a problematic feature of Staphylococcus aureus infections, much effort has been put into identifying biofilm inhibitors. However, the results observed with these compounds are often reported in isolation, and the methods used to assess biofilm formation vary between labs, making it impossible to assess relative efficacy and prioritize among these putative inhibitors for further study. The studies we report address this issue by directly comparing putative biofilm inhibitors using a consistent in vitro assay. This assay was previously shown to maximize biofilm formation, and the results observed with this assay have been proven to be relevant in vivo . Of the 19 compounds compared using this method, many had no impact on biofilm formation under these conditions. Indeed, only one proved effective at limiting biofilm formation without also inhibiting growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of small molecules reported to be inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation

Campbell,

Beenken,

Spencer

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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“…The biofilm assay was performed following the O’Toole protocol with slight changes [ 30 ]. Briefly, four to five mL liquid LB medium was taken to each test tube, and a single colony of S. mutans was added and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h at 120 rpm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Three Compounds Extracted from Cynodon dactylon against Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation to Prevent Oral Diseases

Habib,

Rahman,

Nair

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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Streptococcus mutans bacteria form a biofilm called plaque that causes oral diseases, including tooth decay. Therefore, inhibition of biofilm formation is essential to maintaining good oral health. The health and nutritional benefits of Cynodon dactylon are well documented, but very little is known about its use to treat against oral diseases. The aim of this study was to detect the adhesion strength of the S. mutans bacterial biofilm in 100 cases in the Rajshahi region and evaluate the inhibitory activity of different compound extracts of C. dactylon on the S. mutans bacterial biofilm by determining the composition of isolated compounds using phytochemical analysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that three specific compounds from C. dactylon were discovered in this study: 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl hexadec-2-4dien 1-o1, compound 3,7,11,15 tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-o1 from phytol derivatives, and stigmasterol. Results indicated that the compound of 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadec-2-en-1-ol exhibited higher antibiofilm activities on S. mutans than those of the other compound extracts. A lower level of minimum inhibitory concentration was exposed by 3, 7, 11,15 tetramethyl hexadeca-2-en-1-o1 (T2) on S. mutans at 12.5 mL. In this case, the compound of 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl hexadec 2en-1-o1 was used, and patients showed a mean value and standard error reduced from 3.42 ± 0.21 to 0.33 ± 0.06 nm. The maximum inhibition was (80.10%) in the case of patient no. 17, with a value of p < 0.05 found for S. mutans to which 12.5 μL/mL ethyl acetate extract was applied. From these findings, it may be concluded that C. dactylon extracts can be incorporated into various oral preparations to prevent tooth decay.

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“…1). The initial adhesion of the bacteria is be called reversible adhesion and the cells can be easily detached from the surfaces again [9]. The initial weak interactions that develop between bacterial cells and surface are been referred to as reversible adhesion.…”

Section: Biofilm Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this process, adherent cells also produce EPS, and EPS stabilizes colony against fixation of surface cells and environmental movements [18]. Here, because the bacteria produce exopolysaccharides, the attached microorganisms have hard time breaking away from the surfaces, and as a result, they cling tightly to the surface when complete biofilm matrix is formed [9].…”

Section: Biofilm Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

City of Bacteria

Filik,

Filik

2024

Open Journal of Nano

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Especially living tissues, implants, catheters, pacemakers, prosthetic heart valves, composite resins, glass ionomer cements, chronic wounds, contact lenses and ceramic materials, etc. It has now been proven that bacteria on all surfaces live a micro-social lifestyle by using Quorum Sensing System (QS), communicating through N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL) signaling molecules, and forming biofilm layer, which is one of most vital virulence factors. In 1978, with discussions of Robert Koch's hypotheses published in 1884, Bill Costerton warned about magnitude of biofilm damage in chronic infections. In 2012, Father of biofilm Bill Costerton broke new ground in his research on biofilm. The concept of "Cell-to-cell communication", which Smith first brought to agenda in 1905, has brought infectious diseases to huge scientific level with QS system and biofilm, which is most important virulence factor of this system. Within the biofilms, bacteria can easily reproduce and communicate with each other, there’s actually a fiber optic system that bacteria communicate with each other at speed of light, QS. Biofilm was defined as a ‘City of Microbes’ by Watnick and Kolter, (2000). Biofilm is mixture of different microorganisms that are held together and protected by glue-like film. It’s a slimy matrix and coating that bacteria, fungi, yeast, mold, mycotoxins, viruses and parasites create in order to stay protected and elude immun system. A dysregulated nervous system can lead to taxed immune system. This layer of glue-like slime creates a protective ‘sleeping bag’ for bacteria, so they can continue to do what they do best, which is thriving in you, while creating chronic diseases. The immune system fully recognizes bacteria, however, can’t get to them due to the protective layer as biofilm, thus many times creating an autoimmune situation or cannot effective. In summary, understanding of biofilm is vital to manage and to eradicate biofilm-related diseases. The current review is, therefore, an effort to encompass the current concepts in biofilm, biofilm architectural and its implications in all living creature health and disease.

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Recent advances on the regulation of bacterial biofilm formation by herbal medicines

Cited by 3 publications

References 164 publications

Comparative evaluation of small molecules reported to be inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation

Comparative evaluation of small molecules reported to be inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation

Application of Three Compounds Extracted from Cynodon dactylon against Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation to Prevent Oral Diseases

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