Recent Advances of Point-of-Care Devices Integrated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-Based Biosensors: From Biomolecule Sensing Design to Intraoral Fluid Testing

Abstract

Recent developments of point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vitro diagnostic medical devices have provided analytical capabilities and reliable diagnostic results for rapid access at or near the patient’s location. Nevertheless, the challenges of reliable diagnosis still remain an important factor in actual clinical trials before on-site medical treatment and making clinical decisions. New classes of POCT devices depict precise diagnostic technologies that can detect biomarkers in biofluids such as sweat, tears, saliva or urine. The introduction of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) system as an artificial bioreceptor for the POCT devices could be one of the emerging candidates to improve the analytical performance along with physicochemical stability when used in harsh environments. Here, we review the potential availability of MIP-based biorecognition systems as custom artificial receptors with high selectivity and chemical affinity for specific molecules. Further developments to the progress of advanced MIP technology for biomolecule recognition are introduced. Finally, to improve the POCT-based diagnostic system, we summarized the perspectives for high expandability to MIP-based periodontal diagnosis and the future directions of MIP-based biosensors as a wearable format.

MXene-modified molecularly imprinted polymers as an artificial bio-recognition platform for efficient electrochemical sensing: progress and perspectives

“…18 They are also termed chemo cavities, as they are tailor-made artificially synthesized receptors that can recognize and bind target analytes with great specificity or affinity. 19 The MIPs work on the principle of the lock and key principle; the main feature behind the molecular imprinting technology is the formation of the selective binding sites on the surface of the polymer for effective binding on the analyte. The formation of the imprinted sites on the polymer matrix involves various steps: (i) the selection and prearrangement of the monomer, initiator, and cross-linker selection, however, nowadays there is more emphasis on initiator-free synthesis; (ii) polymerization of the constituents in the presence of a template, polymerization techniques may be bulk polymerization, surface imprinting polymerization, precipitation polymerization, or emulsion polymerization, however, the most preferred technique is assumed to be electropolymerization; (iii) removal of the template from the polymer matrix to create the specific cavities of the template.…”

Critical review of polymer and hydrogel deposition methods for optical and electrochemical bioanalytical sensors correlated to the sensor’s applicability in real samples

“…Most important techniques include drop coating and solution casting; knife, blade, or bar coating; spray coating; dip coating; spin coating; electrospinning; and electrochemical deposition. Another challenging method used in sensor and biosensor development which has to be mentioned but is not explicitly reviewed within the document is plasma polymerization [4,5] especially in combination with molecular imprinting [6,7]. It is not further addressed in this manuscript because of its highly specialized nature and limited use.…”

Molecular Level Sucrose Quantification: A Critical Review

“…In an appropriate design concept, the selective rebinding site can be generated by using a functional monomer for electropolymerization on a prepared electrode surface, which includes the formation of the pre-polymerization complex ( a ), the template physisorption ( b ) and the immobilization of the target protein ( c ). Figure from reference [ 162 ].…”