Recent advances of photocatalytic degradation for BTEX: Materials, operation, and mechanism

Metal-free photocatalytic transformation of waste polystyrene into valuable chemicals: advancing sustainability through circular economy

“…Initially, PS was adsorbed onto the catalyst surface, followed by light-induced charge separation, resulting in the creation of electron–hole pairs. 93 The electrons migrated to the conduction band (CB), while the holes migrated to the valence band (VB). 94 The electron (e − ) was utilized in the formation of superoxide through oxygen molecule (O 2 + e − → ˙O 2 − ), generating superoxide radical anion (O 2 ˙ − ), which was validated through the NBT test.…”

Silica nanoparticles and kaolin clay decorated with VO2+ in aerobic oxidative destruction of BTEX contaminants

“…6,7 Recently, heterogeneous catalysts have been developed to direct these types of organic transformations in accordance with green chemistry through maintaining the catalyst after several catalytic cycles. [8][9][10] On the other hand, the catalytic conversion of inactive C-H bonds should be affordable on an industrial scale with minimum material and energy consumption. Therefore, designing an efficient catalytic system that facilitates C-H bond activation under mild conditions is always required.…”

Reaction Steps in Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene in Gas Phase—A Review

“…Quite a number of reviews on photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs have been published; however, most of these reviews are devoted to improving catalyst performance, the effect of extensive/intensive reaction conditions, and reactor variables, and few reviews have paid attention to by-products’ toxicity and BTEX degradation mechanisms [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Herein, we attempt to give an overview of toluene photocatalytic oxidation over TiO 2 with a focus on photocatalytic oxidation by-products, reaction mechanisms, and risk assessment issues.…”

“…TiO 2 or TiO 2 -based materials are widely investigated as photocatalysts, while toluene is the most extensively studied as a model aromatic in the photocatalytic oxidation research. Chemical stability, cost-effectiveness in preparation, and non-toxicity make TiO 2 attractive for use in photocatalysis; in addition, its ability to operate at room temperature and its relatively high decomposition rate of pollutants should be separately mentioned [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 8 ].…”