Recent Advances in Hydrogen Storage in Metal‐Containing Inorganic Nanostructures and Related Materials

Abstract

An overview of recent advances in the application of non‐carbonaceous nanostructured and composite materials in hydrogen storage is presented in this review. The main focus is on complex hydrides, non‐graphitic nanotubes, and other porous composite and framework materials, since carbon nanotubes have been the subject of numerous other reviews. Recent advances in the area of alanates show a promising reversible absorption capability of up to 5 %, closing in on the projected Department of Energy (DOE) target of 6 %. Non‐carbon nanotubes mainly showed a sorption capacity of 1–3 wt.‐%, although a promising level of 4.2 wt.‐% is shown by boron nitride nanotubes after collapse of their walls. Other interesting materials included here are lithium nitride and porous metallo‐organic frameworks.

Growth of Large-Area and Highly Crystalline MoS2 Thin Layers on Insulating Substrates

“…23 However, MoS 2 tends to form zero-dimensional closed structures (fullerene-like nanoparticles) or one-dimensional nanotube structures during the synthesis. 31 The method to synthesize large-area and high quality MoS 2 sheets with good electrical performance is still rare. Thick MoS 2 films (> several tens of nm) have been prepared by spin-coating and thermolysis of alkyldiammonium-thiomolybdate or ammonium thiomolybdate in polar organic solvents.…”

“…Thick MoS 2 films (> several tens of nm) have been prepared by spin-coating and thermolysis of alkyldiammonium-thiomolybdate or ammonium thiomolybdate in polar organic solvents. [31][32][33] However, the carbon contaminations from the residual solvent molecules 32 were suspected to cause the sulfur deficit in the composition (stoichiometric ratio S/Mo < 2). The produced MoS 2 films are often amorphous or low-crystalline structures.…”

Recent advances on simulation and theory of hydrogen storage in metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks

“…1,3 Although metal hydrides show high hydrogen storage capacities at low pressure and high volumetric densities, they suffer from large barriers in dissociating the H-H bond to store the hydrogen and large barriers in recombining the H atoms to desorb H 2 . Also, due to high binding energies for binding the hydrogen atoms to the metal hosts, one should manage the heat generated during the hydrogen charging/ discharging process to apply the DA method into on-board vehicles.…”

The role of density functional theory methods in the prediction of nanostructured gas-adsorbent materials

“…1), two families of GAM which at present are being investigated also very thoroughly [70][71][72][73][74]. For the sake of focus, other important mechanisms exploited in gas storage and sequestration processes (e.g., gas binding in bulk chemical form and thermodynamic destabilization of nanocrystals and clusters [75][76][77][78][79]) and related families of materials (e.g., metal oxides and binary and ternary hydride compounds [80][81][82][83][84][85]), will not be discussed exhaustively in the present work.…”