Recent Advances in Growth and Modification of Graphene‐Based Energy Materials: From Chemical Vapor Deposition to Reduction of Graphene Oxide

Abstract

Graphene is recognized as the next generation of energy materials due to its spectacular physical properties. Meanwhile, there are diverse synthetic methods toward graphene, and these methods have unique advantages to impel graphene to be suitable for different energy devices. Chemical vapor deposition and reduction of graphene oxide are classical methods for preparing graphene with various lattice structures and layer numbers, resulting in the tunability of graphene properties, whereby the synthetic methods have significant effects on energy device performances. Therefore, this review pays close attention to the discrepancies of graphene‐based materials prepared by these two methods for use in solar cells, rechargeable batteries, and electrocatalysis for hydrogen evolution. Furthermore, the modifications of graphene are introduced to offset the weaknesses of synthetic methods. Then, the review introduces graphene‐based flexible energy devices because graphene prepared by these two methods shows similarity in their mechanical stability. Finally, other synthetic methods are shortly highlighted to explain the importance of these two methods. The analyses for the discrepancies and similarity of graphene‐based materials in classical energy devices from the aspect of synthesis are beneficial to guide the preparation and modifications of graphene for maximizing its application and promote practical usage in the future.

Anthracene modified graphene for C60/C70 fullerenes capture and construction of energy storage materials

“…Resulting graphene retains its remarkable properties, showing less defective structure and higher conductivity when comparing to less conjugated graphene (Su et al 2013;Jin et al 2017). These nanomaterials have found applications in the fields of drug delivery (Liu et al 2013), energy materials (Cai et al 2019), solar cells (Mahmoudi et al 2018), water splitting (Li et al 2019a, b), biosensing (Pumera 2011;Peña-Bahamonde et al 2018), environmental (Perreault et al 2015), catalytic (Haag et al 2014) and biomedical technologies (Shareena et al 2018).…”

Fabrication Strategies of Twisted Bilayer Graphenes and Their Unique Properties

“…Apart from the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, the introduction of lithium atom into tBLG also shows interesting phenomena. It is difficult for intrinsic graphene sheet to have great performance in lithium ion batteries due to the negligible mass and the inadmissibility of absorbing lithium atoms, [171,172] but lithium ion can intercalate and diffuse in bilayer graphene along the interface rather than the top or bottom layer. Moreover, the lithium diffusion rate in bilayer graphene is faster than those in monolayer graphene.…”

In Situ Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites With Enhanced Multiple Properties

“…Due to their fascinating properties, graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives including the reduced GO (rGO) and functionalized graphene have been widely applied in various fields such as sensors ( Xu and Zhang, 2017 ), energy devices ( Cai and Yu, 2019 ), membranes ( Zhu et al, 2020 ; Cheon et al, 2021 ), biomedicines ( Liu et al, 2021 ; Yan et al, 2022 ), coatings ( Kulyk et al, 2021 ), and polymer composites ( Li et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, GO and its derivatives have extremely high tensile and compressive strength, but in “solid state,” these properties are not prominently observed because of the fact that the compressed and random surface flaws always cause them to crack and fail ( Chabot et al, 2014 ).…”