Recent Advances in Dual‐Atom Site Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Electrocatalysis

Abstract

Atomically dispersed metal catalysts have been widely used in electrocatalysis because of their outstanding catalytic activity and high atomic utilization efficiency. As an extension of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) provide new insights for the development of atomic‐scale catalysts. Higher metal loading and more flexible active sites endow DACs with improved catalytic performance as well as optimized reaction mechanism model. In this review, DACs are firstly classified according to their configurations and metal sites. Subsequently, the synthetic strategies and characterization techniques of DACs are introduced. Furthermore, the applications of DACs are exemplified in various electrocatalytic reactions, including oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Finally, the prospects to be expected and challenges to be faced with are discussed.

Emerging materials for electrochemical CO2reduction: progress and optimization strategies of carbon-based single-atom catalysts

“…[217][218][219] DACs can be divided into two types depending on the catalytic centers: (i) mononuclear hetero-monoatomic; (ii) binuclear diatomic pairs. 220 Mononuclear hetero-monoatomic is the combination of two different metal center SACs, and the two metal centers are stochastically and independently distributed on the carrier. For example, diatomic catalysts containing both Fe-SA and Ni-SA sites were prepared by adding Ni(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 •9H 2 O to the precursors.…”

Rational design of atomic site catalysts for electrochemical CO2reduction

“…37–39 Apart from the 2e − reduction products, ASCs were also found to have considerable activity towards some multi-electron deep reduction products (such as methanol, methane, and ethylene). 40–42…”

“…[37][38][39] Apart from the 2e À reduction products, ASCs were also found to have considerable activity towards some multielectron deep reduction products (such as methanol, methane, and ethylene). [40][41][42] The catalytic performance of ASCs is closely related to the electronic/geometric structure of the metal centers, which can be rationally designed through heteroatom doping, coordination structure regulation, and the construction of multi-metal sites. 43,44 For example, our recent work shows that doped Se atoms can regulate the electronic structure of Mo ASCs through long-range delocalization, thereby suppressing the catalyst poisoning caused by the strong adsorption of CO on Mo sites.…”

Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres Loaded CoOX (CoOx/HPCS) for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media

“…Excessive use of fossil energy has brought a series of environmental and climate problems, seriously affecting the ecological environment and the living environment of human beings [1–4] . In order to deal with such environmental pollution problems, it is crucial to develop new energy technologies.…”