Recent advances in determining protein and amino acid requirements in humans

Elango, Rajavel; Ball, Ronald O.; Pencharz, Paul B.

doi:10.1017/s0007114512002504

Cited by 91 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We know that, even in homogenous adult populations, a large intrasubject variation in the amino acid requirement exist (37). We did not perform studies with different test intakes below and above the requirement intake in each infant to estimate the individual requirement and variation in our study population (38). However, the heterogeneity of the preterm study population may have been reflected in the notable broader CI of the preterm estimate than of the term estimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylalanine requirements of enterally fed term and preterm neonates

Hogewind-Schoonenboom¹,

Zhu²,

Lin³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Phenylalanine, which is an essential aromatic amino acid, is either used for protein synthesis or irreversibly hydroxylated to tyrosine. The provision of optimal amounts of dietary phenylalanine is not only important for growth and development but might also influence catecholamine synthesis and release rates. The current recommended aromatic amino acid requirement for infants aged 0-6 mo is based on the amino acid content of human milk. Objective: We quantified the requirements for phenylalanine in the presence of excess tyrosine (166 or 177 mg/kg per day for term and preterm infants, respectively) for term and preterm neonates by using the indicator amino acid oxidation method with L-[1-13 C]lysine 2HCl as an indicator. Hence, we determined the minimum obligatory phenylalanine requirement. Design: Fully enterally fed term and preterm infants received randomly graded amounts of phenylalanine (5-177 mg/kg per day) as part of an elemental formula. Data are expressed as means 6 SDs. Results: Twenty term (birth weight: 3.19 6 0.34 kg; gestational age: 38.9 6 1 wk) and 16 preterm (birth weight: 1.75 6 0.17 kg; gestational age: 32.5 6 0.6 wk) Asian infants participated at a postnatal age of 17 6 8 d. In total, 44 studies were performed. The minimum obligatory phenylalanine requirement was 58 mg/kg per day (95% CI: 38-78 mg/kg per day) and 80 mg/kg per day (95% CI: 40-119 mg/kg per day) for term and preterm infants, respectively. Conclusion: The determined mean phenylalanine-requirement estimates are lower than the contents of term and preterm formulas currently on the market. This trial was registered at www. trialregister.nl as NTR1610.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylalanine requirements of enterally fed term and preterm neonates

Hogewind-Schoonenboom¹,

Zhu²,

Lin³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Ball and Bayley, 1986;Moehn et al, 2008) and humans (see reviews by Elango et al, 2009Elango et al, , 2012aElango et al, , 2012cPencharz and Ball, 2003). The most recent protein requirement report (WHO, 2007) noted the potential promise of using 24-hour IAAO balance instead of or in addition to 24-hour nitrogen balance for the determination of amino acid requirements of humans.…”

Section: The Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation (Iaao) Methods Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of diabetes in Asia

James

2017

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…1). The breakpoint, identified with the use of 2-phase linear regression analysis, indicates the EAR of the limiting (test) amino acid/protein (Zello et al 1995, Elango et al 2012. Because IAAO requires only oral isotope administration (Kriengsinyos et al 2002), collection of breath and urine samples (Bross et al 1998) and a single study day adaptation (Elango et al 2009b) it is well suited for studying protein requirements across the life cycle and in at-risk populations.…”

Section: Recent Developments To Define Protein Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflection point where the oxidation of the indicator amino acid stops decreasing and reaches a plateau indicates the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of protein; with the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) being 2 standard deviations above. Source: Elango et al (2012). IAAO, indicator amino acid oxidation.…”

Section: Protein Dose and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein: A nutrient in focus

Arentson-Lantz

Clairmont

Paddon‐Jones

et al. 2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Abstract:Protein is an essential component of a healthy diet and is a focus of research programs seeking to optimize health at all stages of life. The focus on protein as a nutrient often centers on its thermogenic and satiating effect, and when included as part of a healthy diet, its potential to preserve lean body mass. A growing body of literature, including stable isotope based studies and longer term dietary interventions, suggests that current dietary protein recommendations may not be sufficient to promote optimal muscle health in all populations. A protein intake moderately higher than current recommendations has been widely endorsed by many experts and working groups and may provide health benefits for aging populations. Further, consuming moderate amounts of high-quality protein at each meal may optimally stimulate 24-h muscle protein synthesis and may provide a dietary platform that favors the maintenance of muscle mass and function while promoting successful weight management in overweight and obese individuals. Dietary protein has the potential to serve as a key nutrient for many health outcomes and benefits might be increased when combined with adequate physical activity. Future studies should focus on confirming these health benefits from dietary protein with long-term randomized controlled studies.Key words: protein, requirement, IAAO, aging, sarcopenia, intake distribution, satiety, weight management.Résumé : Les protéines, des composantes essentielles d'un régime sain, sont au centre de programmes de recherche pour optimiser la santé à tous les stades de la vie. On met l'accent concernant les protéines en tant que nutriment surtout sur l'effet thermogène et rassasiant; intégrés dans un régime sain, les protéines pourraient préserver la masse corporelle maigre. De plus en plus d'études dont celles sur les isotopes stables et les interventions alimentaires à long terme suggèrent que les recommandations alimentaires actuelles en matière de protéines ne conviendraient pas à la promotion d'une santé musculaire optimale dans toutes les strates de la population. Un apport protéique modérément supérieur aux recommandations actuelles et soutenu par plusieurs experts et groupes de travail pourrait procurer des bienfaits sanitaires aux populations vieillissantes. De plus, la consommation de quantités modérées de protéines de haute qualité à chaque repas pourrait stimuler durant 24 h la synthèse des protéines musculaires et pourrait constituer une plateforme alimentaire favorisant le maintien de la masse et des fonctions musculaires tout en permettant une gestion du poids avec succès chez les personnes en surpoids et obèses. Les protéines alimentaires ont le potentiel de nutriments essentiels pour de nombreuses problématiques de santé et leurs bénéfices seraient accrus lorsque combinées à suffisamment d'activité physique. Les prochaines études devraient se concentrer sur la validation des bénéfices sanitaires des protéines alimentaires au moyen d'études à long terme contrôlées et aléatoires. [Traduit par l...

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Recent advances in determining protein and amino acid requirements in humans

Cited by 91 publications

References 49 publications

Phenylalanine requirements of enterally fed term and preterm neonates

Phenylalanine requirements of enterally fed term and preterm neonates

The challenge of diabetes in Asia

Protein: A nutrient in focus

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