Recent Advances in Antibacterial Metallic Species Supported on Montmorillonite Clay Mineral: A Review

Abstract

This review provides information on the latest advances in inorganic materials with antimicrobial properties based on a metallic species immobilized on the clay mineral montmorillonite realized between the years 2015 and 2023. This class has shown many promising results compared to certain organic agents. Montmorillonite in natural and/or modified forms is a good platform for the storage and release of metallic species, and several researchers have worked on this mineral owing to its cation exchange capacity, low cost, biocompatibility, and local availability. The preparation methods and the properties such as the antibacterial, antifungal, and toxicological activities of this mineral are discussed. The main characteristics of this antibacterial class for the elimination of pathogenic bacteria were examined and the known weak points of its antimicrobial application are discussed, leading to suggestions for further research.

Fabrication and Characterization of Montmorillonite Clay/Agar-Based Magnetic Composite and Its Biological and Electrical Conductivity Evaluation

“…The physical and chemical properties of MMT make it a potential adsorbent for certain pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. However, its effectiveness in removing all types of pathogens may be limited, particularly if they do not have a strong attraction to the surface of the clay . The antibacterial effects of MNPs can be attributed to several key pathways, including the disruption of the bacterial cell membrane, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), penetration of the membrane, and intracellular antibacterial effects involving interaction with DNA and proteins.…”

“…However, its effectiveness in removing all types of pathogens may be limited, particularly if they do not have a strong attraction to the surface of the clay. 64 The antibacterial effects of MNPs can be attributed to several key pathways, including the disruption of the bacterial cell membrane, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), penetration of the membrane, and intracellular antibacterial effects involving interaction with DNA and proteins. Metal oxides are formed through the bonding of metal ions with oxides, resulting in a densely packed structure.…”

Preparation of Polyethylene Clay Composites via Melt Intercalation Using Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Organoclays and Comparison of Their Textural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties

“…Montmorillonite is a smectite group clay with a 2:1 layered structure consisting of Mg 2+ or Al 3+ coordinated with oxygen atoms, with an octahedral layer between them and coordination bonds between silicon (Si4+) and oxygen atoms [17,18]. Si-OH and Al-OH groups have a primary role in the preparation of organoclays, even if the methods are different [17][18][19]. Bentonite-type layered clays, especially montmorillonite and illite, which have high ion exchange capacity and high specific surface area, are widely used in the preparation of polymer clay nanocomposites as well as in different applications such as cement, ceramic products, paint and paper production [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Effects of exposing Japanese quail eggs to a low dose of gamma radiation and in ovo feeding by two sources of trace elements on embryonic development activities

“…Montmorillonite is a natural silicate clay and is considered a good macromolecule and delivery carrier because it contains various excellent properties to use as an effective carrier of iron, zinc and copper for improving bioavailability ( Arruda et al, 2023 ; Mokhtar et al, 2023 ). In our previous studies, this complex improved the nutrient accessibility for those minerals and promoted the development activities in fertilized chicken eggs ( Elokil et al, 2020 ).…”