Recent Advancements in After-Treatment Technology for Internal Combustion Engines—An Overview

Tripathi, Gaurav; Dhar, Atul; Sadiki, A.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7575-9_8

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…There are different after-treatment strategies (and combinations) that can be used for reducing emissions from ICEs. These strategies, together with recent advances in after-treatment technologies, involve reduction with and without filter, reduction with catalyst and without catalyst and exotic after-treatment techniques such as plasma-assisted techniques, NO x and soot combined reduction [113]. Strategies to reduce emissions and pollutants come at cost and/or fuel consumption penalty [114].…”

Section: After-treatment Technologies In Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Mallouppas¹,

Yfantis²

2021

JMSE

153

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This review paper examines the possible pathways and possible technologies available that will help the shipping sector achieve the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) deep decarbonization targets by 2050. There has been increased interest from important stakeholders regarding deep decarbonization, evidenced by market surveys conducted by Shell and Deloitte. However, deep decarbonization will require financial incentives and policies at an international and regional level given the maritime sector’s ~3% contribution to green house gas (GHG) emissions. The review paper, based on research articles and grey literature, discusses technoeconomic problems and/or benefits for technologies that will help the shipping sector achieve the IMO’s targets. The review presents a discussion on the recent literature regarding alternative fuels (nuclear, hydrogen, ammonia, methanol), renewable energy sources (biofuels, wind, solar), the maturity of technologies (fuel cells, internal combustion engines) as well as technical and operational strategies to reduce fuel consumption for new and existing ships (slow steaming, cleaning and coating, waste heat recovery, hull and propeller design). The IMO’s 2050 targets will be achieved via radical technology shift together with the aid of social pressure, financial incentives, regulatory and legislative reforms at the local, regional and international level.

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Section: After-treatment Technologies In Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Mallouppas¹,

Yfantis²

2021

JMSE

153

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“…The noise and emissions create limitations on the use of these engines for certain applications, especially those that are used indoors. These issues are somewhat mitigated through new advances in after-treatment and active noise cancellation [14].…”

Section: Overview Of Low-power Technologies (<10 Kw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Parameters for Small Engines Based on Market Research

Mittal

2016

SAE Technical Paper Series

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S mall internal combustion engines outperform batteries and fuel cells in regards to weight for a range of applications, including consumer products, marine vehicles, small manned ground vehicles, unmanned vehicles, and generators. The power ranges for these applications are typically between 1 kW and 10 kW. There are numerous technical challenges associated with engines producing power in this range resulting in low power density and high specific fuel consumption. As such, there is a large range of engine design solutions that are commercially available in this power range to overcome these technical challenges. A market survey was conducted of commercially available engines with power outputs less than 10 kW. The subsequent analysis highlights the trade-offs between power output, engine weight, and specific fuel consumption. These engines are analyzed to show the benefits and disadvantages of different engine design parameters including fuel type, number of strokes per cycle, number of cylinders, intake pressure, and cooling strategy. A Pareto frontier analysis is conducted to identify the top performing engines based on the output power and the total power system weight. Recommended designs are presented for different ranges of output powers.

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“…Emission regulations in the automotive industry have become increasingly stringent, especially for diesel engines for both heavy-duty trucks, passenger cars and off-highway applications for which the limits on NO X content in exhaust gas will be even further tightened [1][2][3]. A viable way to meet these requirements is in combining in-cylinder innovative combustion technologies and accurate exhaust after-treatment strategies [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A viable way to meet these requirements is in combining in-cylinder innovative combustion technologies and accurate exhaust after-treatment strategies [2,4]. Focusing on the exhaust after-treatment, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) methodology is notably recognized as the widely applied technique for NO X control [3,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From all these studies, it could be observed that under unfavorable operating conditions the UWS at the entrance of the SCR catalyst is not always fully evaporated or converted. As a result, droplets of UWS can get into the fine channels of the catalyst and interact with them leads to an inefficient NO X reduction and in the worst case to failure of the SCR system due to deposit formation within the fine monolith channels [3,17,18]. This shows that the main issue in SCR system to find out the optimal velocity of urea injection and the UWS spray droplet size remains still unsatisfactory addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Decomposition of a Single AdBlue® Droplet Including Wall–Film Formation in Turbulent Cross-Flow in an SCR System

et al. 2019

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The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) methodology is notably recognized as the widely applied strategy for NOX control in exhaust after-treatment technologies. In real SCR systems, complex unsteady turbulent multi-phase flow phenomena including poly-dispersed AdBlue® spray evolve with a wide ranging relative velocity between the droplet phase and carrier gas phase. This results from an AdBlue® spray that is injected into a mixing pipe which is cross-flowing by a hot exhaust gas. To reduce the complexity while gaining early information on the injected droplet size and velocity needed for a minimum deposition and optimal conversion, a single droplet with a specified diameter is addressed to mimic a spray featuring the same Sauter Mean Diameter. For that purpose, effects of turbulent hot cross-flow on thermal decomposition processes of a single AdBlue® droplet are numerically investigated. Thereby, a single AdBlue® droplet is injected into a hot cross-flowing stream within a mixing pipe in which it may experience phase change processes including interaction with the pipe wall along with liquid wall–film and possible solid deposit formation. First of all, the prediction capability of the multi-component evaporation model and thermal decomposition is evaluated against the detailed simulation results for standing droplet case for which experimental data is not available. Next, exploiting Large Eddy Simulation features the effect of hot turbulent co- and cross-flowing streams on the dynamic droplet characteristics and on the droplet/wall interaction is analyzed for various droplet diameters and operating conditions. This impact is highlighted in terms of droplet evaporation time, decomposition efficiency, droplet trajectories and wall–film formation. It turns out that smaller AdBlue® droplet diameter, higher gas temperature and relative velocity lead to shorter droplet life time as the droplet evaporates faster. Under such conditions, possible droplet/wall interaction processes on the pipe wall or at the entrance front of the monolith may be avoided. Since the ammonia (NH3) gas generated by urea decomposition is intended to reduce NOX emission in the SCR system, it is apparent for the prediction of high NOX removal performance that UWS injector system which allows to realize such operating conditions is favorable to support high conversion efficiency of urea into NH3.

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Recent Advancements in After-Treatment Technology for Internal Combustion Engines—An Overview

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Design Parameters for Small Engines Based on Market Research

Thermal Decomposition of a Single AdBlue® Droplet Including Wall–Film Formation in Turbulent Cross-Flow in an SCR System

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