Recalcitrant <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> infection – a case series

Waters, Laura; Dave, S S; Deayton, J R; French, Patrick

doi:10.1258/0956462054308314

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Because high numbers of lactobacilli and a low pH are characteristic of a healthy human vagina only, but not in animals [16], our in vitro model could be used to study the possible roles of Trichomonas virulence factors in reducing the number of lactobacilli as well as any direct harmful effects of the virulence factors on the VECs. Although T. vaginalis is usually curable, it has evolved and adjusted to the host environment in order to survive as any other parasite, and standard treatment-resistant trichomoniasis has been implicated in an increasing number of refractory cases [17]. This in vitro culture system could contribute to investigation of alternative curative therapies in a number of refractory cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus acidophilusContributes to a Healthy Environment for Vaginal Epithelial Cells

Ryu

Roh

2011

Korean J Parasitol

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Lactobacillus species in the female genital tract are thought to act as a barrier to infection. Several studies have demonstrated that lactobacilli can adhere to vaginal epithelial cells. However, little is known about how the adherence of lactobacilli to vaginal epithelial cells affects the acidity, cell viability, or proliferation of the lactobacilli themselves or those of vaginal epithelial cells. Lactobacillus acidophilus was co-cultured with immortalized human vaginal epithelial cells (MS74 cell line), and the growth of L. acidophilus and the acidity of the culture medium were measured. MS74 cell density and viability were also assessed by counting cell numbers and observing the cell attachment state. L. acidophilus showed exponential growth for the first 6 hr until 9 hr, and the pH was maintained close to 4.0-5.0 at 24 hr after culture, consistent with previous studies. The growth curve of L. acidophilus or the pH values were relatively unaffected by co-culture with MS74 cells, confirming that L. acidophilus maintains a low pH in the presence of MS74 cells. This co-culture model could therefore potentially be used to mimic vaginal conditions for future in vitro studies. On the other hand, MS74 cells co-cultured with L. acidophilus more firmly attached to the culture plate, and a higher number of cells were present compared to cells cultured in the absence of L. acidophilus. These results indicate that L. acidophilus increases MS74 cell proliferation and viability, suggesting that lactobacilli may contribute to the healthy environment for vaginal epithelial cells.

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confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus acidophilusContributes to a Healthy Environment for Vaginal Epithelial Cells

Ryu

Roh

2011

Korean J Parasitol

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“…Increasing the dose of metronidazole may overcome resistance, indicating that resistance to the medication is relative but higher and sometimes toxic doses of metronidazole cause intolerable side-effects. 2,6 CONCLUSION The use of paromomycin in the treatment of recalcitrant T. vaginalis infection is one option available to clinicians. Our experience in this patient shows that it is not only cost-saving, but Correspondence to: Dr S C Tayal Email: sarup.tayal@stees.nhs.uk reduces the psychological impact of a recalcitrant disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Paromomycin treatment of recalcitrant Trichomonas vaginalis

Tayal¹,

Ochogwu²,

Bunce

2010

Int J STD AIDS

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“…Intravaginal treatment with furazolidone or paromomycin sulfate treatment of women with severe hypersensitivity to the nitroimidazoles have been used with limited success,63 but further study is needed. Similarly, intravaginal treatment with boric acid or betadine preparations has been effective for some women although additional evaluation will be necessary to confirm their efficacy 64–66…”

Section: Gaps In Current Knowledge and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Trichomoniasis

Secor¹,

Meites²,

Starr³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

109

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Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human parasitic infections in the United States, as well as the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection. However, it has long received much less consideration than other parasitic and sexually transmitted diseases. Much of this inattention can be attributed to a poor understanding of the public health impact of trichomoniasis. Increasing recognition of the sequelae of infection, including increased risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and adverse outcomes of pregnancy, has led to increased interest in T. vaginalis. Recent innovations include development of diagnostic tests that could improve detection of the parasite. A number of important questions, such as the epidemiology among men and women, the true public health burden of symptomatic and asymptomatic T. vaginalis infections, and whether current treatments will be adequate to reduce the substantial health disparities and costs associated with trichomoniasis, need consideration to remedy neglect of this important disease.

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Recalcitrant Trichomonas vaginalis infection – a case series

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Lactobacillus acidophilusContributes to a Healthy Environment for Vaginal Epithelial Cells

Lactobacillus acidophilusContributes to a Healthy Environment for Vaginal Epithelial Cells

Paromomycin treatment of recalcitrant Trichomonas vaginalis

Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Trichomoniasis

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