Reassorted pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus discovered from pigs in Germany

Starick, Elke; Lange, Elke; Fereidouni, Sasan; Bunzenthal, Claudia; Höveler, Robert; Kuczka, Annette; Beilage, Elisabeth große; Hamann, Hans-Peter; Klingelhöfer, Irene; Steinhauer, Dirk; Vahlenkamp, Thomas W.; Beer, Martin; Harder, Timm C.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.028662-0

Cited by 89 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This setting would thus seem to be especially suitable for the circulation of diverse strains of human as well as zoonotic influenza viruses, with the potential for virus coinfection and production of reassortants. Indeed, numerous reassortants between pH1N1 and other influenza viruses have been reported 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 42, 43, 44. Although the small number of animals on backyard farms and limited transference of animals between farms may limit the potential for virus transmission between swine, continued intensive surveillance for influenza virus reassortants in backyard farms is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in humans and swine in backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru

Tinoco

Kasper

Nelson

et al. 2015

Influenza Resp Viruses

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ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the frequency of pH1N1 transmission between humans and swine on backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru.DesignTwo‐year serial cross‐sectional study comprising four sampling periods: March 2009 (pre‐pandemic), October 2009 (peak of the pandemic in Peru), April 2010 (1st post‐pandemic period), and October 2011 (2nd post‐pandemic period).SampleBackyard swine serum, tracheal swabs, and lung sample were collected during each sampling period.Main outcome measuresWe assessed current and past pH1N1 infection in swine through serological testing, virus culture, and RT‐PCR and compared the results with human incidence data from a population‐based active surveillance cohort study in Peru.ResultsAmong 1303 swine sampled, the antibody prevalence to pH1N1 was 0% pre‐pandemic, 8% at the peak of the human pandemic (October 2009), and 24% in April 2010 and 1% in October 2011 (post‐pandemic sampling periods). Trends in swine seropositivity paralleled those seen in humans in Tumbes. The pH1N1 virus was isolated from three pigs during the peak of the pandemic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses likely represent two separate human‐to‐swine transmission events in backyard farm settings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that human‐to‐swine pH1N1 transmission occurred during the pandemic among backyard farms in Peru, emphasizing the importance of interspecies transmission in backyard pig populations. Continued surveillance for influenza viruses in backyard farms is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in humans and swine in backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru

Tinoco

Kasper

Nelson

et al. 2015

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…This virus, A/swine/201/2010, contained a Eurasian swine lineage HA, a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 NA, with the TRIG cassette ( 9 ). Subsequently, a reassortant with 7 pandemic (H1N1) 2009 gene segments and a swine N2 gene was found in Italy ( 22 ), and a reassortant with 7 pandemic (H1N1) 2009 gene segments and a swine N1 gene was found in Germany ( 23 ). Considering the known circulation of TRIG-containing endemic and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses in pigs, the chance for similar reassortment to occur in the United States also seemed high.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Reassortment between Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Endemic Influenza Viruses in Pigs, United States

Ducatez¹,

Hause²,

Stigger-Rosser³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

164

104

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“…Moreover, this pandemic flu showed continuing reassortant with endemic SIV in pig populations worldwide. 7,9,17,22,28,32,37,42 Similarly, cocirculation of both pH1N1 and endemic Thai swine H1N1 viruses was found in the same farm with no reassortant virus. 31 However, a novel reassortant virus could possibly emerge without notice.…”

Section: Hemagglutination Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Retrospective swine influenza serological surveillance in the four highest pig density provinces of Thailand before the introduction of the 2009 pandemic Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 using various antibody detection assays

et al. 2012

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Genetic characterization of the hemagglutinin gene of the 6 selected Thai Swine influenza virus (SIV) isolates (4 H1 and 2 H3 isolates) used in the establishment of a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was analyzed. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, Thai SIVs could be divided into 3 clusters of the H1 viruses (clusters I and II belonging to classical swine H1α, and cluster III belonging to classical swine H1γ), and 2 clusters of the H3 viruses both belonging to human-like 1970s. The serological results indicated that swH1N1-06 (H1 cluster I) is a suitable representative SIV for the HI test antigen to detect H1 SIV-specific antibodies in the Thai swine population, while both swH3N2-05 and swH3N2-07 should be used for Thai H3 SIV-specific antibody detection. The HI test results of swine sera collected from pigs in the 4 highest pig population provinces of Thailand indicated that the percentage of pigs seropositive to swH3N2-07 was highest compared to swH1N1-06, swH1N1-09, and swH3N2-05 (85.4%, 50.1%, 18.6%, and 15.8%, respectively). It should be noted that countries lacking SIV genetic information should be concerned with determining the most suitable HI test antigens to use when performing the tests due to the genetic variation and limited cross-reaction of SIVs. The results of the current study demonstrated that HI tests should be implemented with the suitable field strains as the representative test antigen to ascertain accurate SIV serostatus in Thailand and that test antigens should be genetically analyzed and compared with circulating strains regularly.

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Reassorted pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus discovered from pigs in Germany

Cited by 89 publications

References 19 publications

Transmission dynamics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in humans and swine in backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru

Transmission dynamics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in humans and swine in backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru

Multiple Reassortment between Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Endemic Influenza Viruses in Pigs, United States

Retrospective swine influenza serological surveillance in the four highest pig density provinces of Thailand before the introduction of the 2009 pandemic Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 using various antibody detection assays

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