Rearrangement of α-pinene oxide using a surface catalysed spinning disc reactor (SDR)

Vićević, Marija; Jachuck, Roshan; Scott, Keith; Clark, James H.; Wilson, Karen

doi:10.1039/b404191g

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The high shear rates associated with the turbulent micromixing across the thin film have been effective in a number of processes that are inherently difficult using traditional batch methods. This includes free radical polymerization reactions, condensation reactions, synthesis and processing of nanoparticles, disassembling hexameric molecular capsules held together by hydrogen bonds, and controlling chemical reactivity and selectivity . In contrast to the SDP, the RTP (Figure b) allows control over the residence time for reactions, with intense shear within thin films at high rotational speeds.…”

Section: Process Intensification: Continuous Flow Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Thin Films in Controlling the Fabrication of Nanocarbon and Its Composites

Vimalanathan

Raston

2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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journey of discovery for other carbon nano materials, which have properties beyond those of the classical allotropes of carbon. Other new forms of more recently established nanocarbon include single walled carbon nanohorns, [13,14] carbon nanoonions, [15][16][17] carbon nanorings, [18][19][20] cup-stacked carbon nanotubes [21,22] and carbon hybrid materials. [23] Methods for fabricating carbon nanomaterials have been extensively studied, in establishing robust syntheses, which is important for their use in down stream applications. Conventional methods of fabricating these materials have evolved, using both the 'top down' and 'bottom up' approaches, with some advance towards developing more benign processes and in addressing the often-vexing question of scalability of the methods, but this is often rather challenging. Centuries ago, elemental carbon was known to exist as two natural occurring allotropes, diamond and graphite, which have different structures and properties. Their physical and chemical properties depend on the arrangement of the carbon atoms. Diamond has a tetrahedral arrangement of sp 3 carbon atoms while graphite is comprised of stacked sheets of graphene held together by van der Waals interactions. Each graphene sheet consists of sp 2 carbon atoms arranged in two-dimensional hexagonal lattices. Diamond is typically used as a transparent electrical insulator while graphite is a black soft material with excellent electrical conductivity. The spark of a new era in allotropes of carbon beyond diamond and graphite began with the discovery of fullerene C 60 and other members of the fullerene family such as C 70 . [24,25] Of particular importance are the onedimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes and two dimensional (2D) graphene sheets, which have created new avenues in material science. The physical and chemical interactions of these carbon nanomaterials are determined mainly by their geometrical structure and method of synthesis. Conventional batch processing methods have dominated the field of fabricating carbon nanostructures in various morphologies and dimensions for specific applications, but they can have limitations, specifically in terms of environmental impact issues, economic sustainability, scalability and the quality of the material. The ability to precisely control the formation of a diverse range of functional materials at the nanoscale length, with scalability incorporated into the processing, is important for future uptake by industry in a myriad of applications. This review focuses on the use of continuous flow thin film microfluidic platforms for the Thin film microfluidics are developed for a wide range of applications, including the synthesis of various types of nanocarbon material, involving both 'top down' and 'bottom up' continuous flow processing. This type of processing addresses scalability at the inception of the science, and is applicable not just to the synthesis of nanocarbon, but also composites or hybrid material where one or more components is nanocarbon. This review introd...

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Section: Process Intensification: Continuous Flow Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Thin Films in Controlling the Fabrication of Nanocarbon and Its Composites

Vimalanathan

Raston

2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Numerous surface waves in the thin film provide an ideal environment for a high degree of mixing, altogether making this type of reactor suitable for performing fast, exothermic and mass transfer limited reactions. This reactor has been shown to improve reaction rates as well as selectivity when used as a catalytic reactor (Vicevic et al, 2004(Vicevic et al, , 2007 and significantly improve control and rates of polymerization reactions (Boodhoo and Jachuck, 2000a;Vicevic et al, 2006a,b). Properties of polymers heavily depend upon molecular weight distributions and polydispersity index and so it is very important to control these parameters (Whitfield et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Radical Polymerization of Styrene: Kinetic Study in a Spinning Disc Reactor (SDR)

2021

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Free-radical polymerization of styrene conducted in a spinning disc reactor (SDR) results in significant increases in conversion in one disc pass, equivalent to a few seconds of residence time, with little change in the number average and weight average molecular weights and polydispersity compared to a SDR feed pre-polymerized in a batch reactor. Results of our experimental studies are presented in this paper and a rationale, based on simulation studies, is offered to explain these observations. It is shown that phenomena such as large increases in conversion that do not impact on molecular weights and molecular weight distribution is a result of a simultaneous increase in both the initiator decomposition rate and the propagation rate. The increases in these rate constants, predicted by our modeling studies, provide the driving forces that characterize a polymerization process in a SDR reactor, with the centrifugal force having different degrees of influence on individual reaction steps. This is attributed to different molecular sizes being involved in each of the polymerization reaction steps. The highest impact is observed on the initiator decomposition rate constant, as this reaction step involves a small molecule. Lesser impact is observed on the propagation rate constant, as this reaction step involves interaction of one small molecule and one large reactive species, whilst no or very small effect is seen in the case of the termination rate constant as large reactive species are involved. Developed constant variance model was used to estimate reaction parameters at different temperatures (i.e., initiator efficiency f, rate constants kd, kp, and kt) from the acquired experimental data in order to estimate activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) in a SDR. Data analysis at various SDR operating temperatures suggested activation energy for the styrene polymerization in the SDR as 40.59 ± 1.11 kJ mol−1.

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“…The intense transfer processes that can be generated at the surface of the liquid fi lm make the SDR an attractive option for performing fast gas-liquid reactions (Trippa et al, 2002;Burns and Jachuck, 2005b). The strong mixing through the liquid fi lm, enhanced by waves on the interface, means that it is also attractive for homogeneous reactions, unit operations such as crystallization (Trippa et al, 2002), and heterogeneous catalysis, with the disc itself acting as the catalyst support (Vicevic et al, 2004). A high intensity mixing/mass transfer environment is created within which the highly sheared liquid fi lm on the surface of the disc is capable of generating high conversions and selectivities.…”

Section: Frontiers In Chemical Engineering Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalyzed chemical reactions were also carried out using SDRs by catalyst immobilization on the disc surface. Vicevic et al (2004) used a 0.2 m diameter smooth disc to perform the isomerization of α-pinene oxide to campholenic aldehyde with the immobilized catalyst, zinc trifl ate, coated on the disc surface using epoxy-based glue; results were also obtained using a conventional stirred tank reactor. Their results indicate that approximately 100% conversion was achieved using the SDR operated in the range 100 -1500 rpm (with average shear rates on the SDR of 13 000 s -1 as compared to approximately 300 s -1 in the case of a stirred vessel), except at the highest fl ow rates used due to a concomitant decrease in average residence time, which was too low to allow the reaction to proceed to completion; a comparison of the performance of the SDR and the stirred vessel is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Heat and Mass Transfer And Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors speculated that the large discrepancy between the laminar fl ow theory and the experimental measurements could be due to the presence of Table 1. Comparison between the performance of batch and a spinning disc reactors for the isomerization of α-pinene oxide to campholenic aldehyde using immobilized zinc trifl ate catalysts on the disc surface (reproduced from the work of Vicevic et al, 2004).…”

Section: Heat and Mass Transfer And Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Flow of Thin Liquid Films Over Spinning Discs

2008

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Les écoulements de fi lms liquides minces continus au-dessus de disques rotatifs présentent des avantages technologiques; en effet, l'épaisseur du fi lm peut être contrôlée par la vitesse de rotation et elle peut devenir très mince, donnant de très bonnes caractéristiques de transfert de chaleur et de matière. On présente une étude de la recherche menée sur de tels écoulements. Les principaux résultats des études expérimentales et de modélisation les plus pertinentes sont présentés. Ceux-ci démontrent que l'écoulement s'accompagne de dynamiques complexes, dont la formation d'ondes de grande amplitude. On a trouvé que ces ondes amélioraient les vitesses de transfert de matière et le mélange menant à l'intensifi cation des procédés. Des progrès importants tant dans la modélisation que l'expérimentation ont été effectués pour comprendre de manière fondamentale la dynamique des ondes et son exploitation pour des applications technologiques en milieu industriel. Cet article se termine par un résumé de l'état de l'art et des suggestions de nouvelles pistes de recherche.

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Rearrangement of α-pinene oxide using a surface catalysed spinning disc reactor (SDR)

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Dynamic Thin Films in Controlling the Fabrication of Nanocarbon and Its Composites

Dynamic Thin Films in Controlling the Fabrication of Nanocarbon and Its Composites

Free-Radical Polymerization of Styrene: Kinetic Study in a Spinning Disc Reactor (SDR)

The Flow of Thin Liquid Films Over Spinning Discs

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