Rearing of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in BFT system with different photoperiods: Effects on the microbial community, water quality and zootechnical performance

Water quality and juvenile development of mullet Mugil liza in a biofloc system with an additional carbon source: Dextrose, liquid molasses or rice bran?

“…Greater abundance of coccoid bacteria in the bioflocs tallies with the findings of Rocha et al (2012) and Reis et al (2019) for M . hospes and L .…”

“…In addition, the high turbidity and low light may have boosted heterotrophic bacteria development and, hence, the bioflocs, as already pointed out by Reis et al (2019). Avnimelech (2012) had also stated that the development of microbial communities/aggregates does not depend on luminosity, but on the availability of substrate and dissolved oxygen, which reinforces the hypothesis for the high levels of TSS achieved in the current study, along with other factors.…”

“…The study was carried out indoors, providing only artificial light that probably was insufficient for the growth of the photoautotrophic community. This hypothesis was considered and verified by Reis et al (2019) in a trial with L . vannamei in biofloc systems with light restriction (natural photoperiod, 24‐h light and 24‐h dark) and clarifies the non‐increase in chlorophyll‐ a also in CW in the present study, in addition to water exchanges.…”

“…To get the best out of the system, it is necessary to choose a suitable source of organic carbon. The most used have been molasses (Borges et al, 2020; Holanda et al, 2020; Lima et al, 2018; Reis et al, 2019), rice bran, wheat meal (Mansour & Esteban, 2017), cornmeal (Liu et al, 2014), glucose (Avnimelech, 1999), sugar (Lima et al, 2018), cassava meal (Avnimelech, 1999) and cane sugar (Martins et al, 2020).…”

Effect of feeding frequency on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during the pilot‐scale nursery phase of a superintensive culture in a biofloc system

“…This process requires intense and constant aeration to maintain the bioflocs in suspension and to avoid anaerobic areas in the farming units (Azim, Little, & Bron, 2008; Avnimelech, 2009). The microbial biomass is formed through the removal of nutrients that are present in the water column, which mainly generates heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria (De Schryver, Crab, Defoirdt, Boon, & Verstraete, 2008; Reis, Wasielesky Jr., Abreu, Brandão, & Krummenauer, 2019).…”