Reappraisal of the Early Permian amphibamid Tersomius texensis and some referred material

Maddin, Hillary C.; Fröbisch, Nadia B.; Evans, David C.; Milner, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2013.06.007

Cited by 33 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…), the AMIa was probably reduced (and maybe partly integrated to the m. levator bulbi; see above) and the interpterygoid vacuities served mainly for retraction of the eyeballs. In dissorophoids, the eyeballs seem to be proportionally much enlarged, as evidenced by the size of the sclerotic ring (Witzmann and Pfretzschner, ) or of the palpebral bones as in Tersomius (Maddin et al, , fig. ; personal observations MCZ 1912) or Broiliellus (MCZ 1424; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Palatal Interpterygoid Vacuities of Temnospondyls and the Implications for the Associated Eye‐ and Jaw Musculature

Witzmann

Werneburg

2017

The Anatomical Record

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A diagnostic feature of temnospondyls is the presence of an open palate with large interpterygoid vacuities, unlike the closed palate of most other early tetrapods, in which the vacuities are either slit-like or completely absent. Attachment sites on neurocranium and palatal bones in temnospondyls allow the reconstruction of a powerful m. retractor bulbi and a large, sheet-like m. levator bulbi that formed the elastic floor of the orbit. This muscle arrangement indicates that temnospondyls were able to retract the eyeballs through the interpterygoid vacuities into the buccal cavity, like extant frogs and salamanders. In contrast, attachment sites on palate and neurocranium suggest a rather sauropsid-like arrangement of these muscles in stem-tetrapods and stem-amniotes. However, the anteriorly enlarged, huge interpterygoid vacuities of long-snouted stereospondyls suggest that eye retraction was not the only function of the vacuities here, since the eye-muscles filled only the posterior part of the vacuities. We propose an association of the vacuities in temnospondyls with a long, preorbital part of the m. adductor mandibulae internus (AMIa). The trochlea-like, anterior edge of the adductor chamber suggests that a tendon of the AMIa was redirected in an anteromedial direction in the preorbital skull and dorsal to the pterygoids. This tendon then unfolded into a wide aponeurosis bearing the flattened AMIa that filled almost the complete interpterygoid vacuities anterior to the orbits. Our muscle reconstructions permit comprehensive insights to the comparative soft tissue anatomy of early tetrapods and provide the basis for a biomechanic analysis of biting performances in the future. Anat Rec, 300:1240-1269, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Palatal Interpterygoid Vacuities of Temnospondyls and the Implications for the Associated Eye‐ and Jaw Musculature

Witzmann

Werneburg

2017

The Anatomical Record

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“…Based on the current understanding of size relationships, P. mayi appears to have reached a much larger adult size than Doleserpeton . The holotype skull measures 32.6 mm in length (Fröbisch & Reisz, ), but much larger individuals have also been reported (Maddin, Fröbisch, Evans, & Milner, ), while D. annectens skulls range from 12 to 19 mm (Bolt, ; Sigurdsen & Bolt, ). T. dolesensis is somewhat larger than D. annectens ; the holotype skull of the former is about 22.5 mm in length, but its level of ossification indicates that it may not be a full adult (Anderson & Bolt, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological skeletochronology indicates developmental plasticity in the early Permian stem lissamphibian Doleserpeton annectens

Gee

Haridy

Reisz

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Doleserpeton annectens is a small‐bodied early Permian amphibamiform, a clade of temnospondyl amphibians regarded by many workers to be on the lissamphibian stem. Most studies of this taxon have focused solely on its anatomy, but further exploration of other aspects of its paleobiology, such as developmental patterns, is critical for a better understanding of the early evolutionary history of lissamphibians. Here, we present a histological analysis of growth patterns in D. annectens that utilizes 60 femora, the largest sample size for any Paleozoic tetrapod. We identified pervasive pairs of closely spaced lines of arrested growth (LAGs), a pattern that indicates a marked degree of climatic harshness and that would result in two cessations of growth within a presumed single year. We documented a wide degree of variation compared to previous temnospondyl skeletochronological studies, reflected in the poor correlation between size and inferred age, but this observation aligns closely with patterns observed in extant lissamphibians. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses conducted by subsampling our dataset at more typical sample sizes for paleontological studies produced a wide range of results. This includes biologically improbable results and exceptionally well‐fit curves that demonstrate that low sample size can produce potentially misleading artifacts. We propose that the weak correlation between age and size represents developmental plasticity in D. annectens that typifies extant lissamphibians. Detection of these patterns is likely only possible with large sample sizes in extinct taxa, and low sample sizes can produce false, misleading results that warrant caution in drawing paleobiological interpretations from such samples.

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“…Taxon sampling.-The goal of the phylogenetic analysis was to cover as wide a range of well-studied dissorophoid taxa as possible, with the focus on the origin and diversification of this clade and the in-group relationships of amphibamids. Other questions have been addressed elsewhere, such as the placement of dissorophoids among temnospondyls (Schoch, 2013) or the evolutionary history of olsoniforms (Schoch, 2012;Holmes et al, 2013;Maddin et al, 2013;Schoch and Sues, 2013). Although kept relatively large, the number of taxa has been restricted to address the specific questions formulated above.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls

Schoch

2018

J. Paleontol.

110

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Dissorophoid temnospondyls are widely considered to have given rise to some or all modern amphibians (Lissamphibia), but their ingroup relationships still bear major unresolved questions. An inclusive phylogenetic analysis of dissorophoids gives new insights into the large-scale topology of relationships. Based on a TNT 1.5 analysis (33 taxa, 108 characters), the enigmatic taxonPerryellais found to nest just outside Dissorophoidea (phylogenetic defintion), but shares a range of synapomorphies with this clade. The dissorophoids proper are found to encompass a first dichotomy between the largely paedomorphic Micromelerpetidae and all other taxa (Xerodromes). Within the latter, there is a basal dichotomy between the large, heavily ossified Olsoniformes (Dissorophidae + Trematopidae) and the small salamander-like Amphibamiformes (new taxon), which include four clades: (1) Micropholidae (Tersomius,Pasawioops,Micropholis); (2) Amphibamidae sensu stricto (Doleserpeton,Amphibamus); (3) Branchiosauridae (Branchiosaurus,Apateon,Leptorophus,Schoenfelderpeton); and (4) Lissamphibia. The generaPlatyrhinopsandEoscopusare here found to nest at the base of Amphibamiformes. Represented by their basal-most stem-taxa (Triadobatrachus,Karaurus,Eocaecilia), lissamphibians nest withGerobatrachusrather than Amphibamidae, as repeatedly found by former analyses.UUID:http://zoobank.org/dadf36db-e003-4af7-bfa7-44d79bc04450

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Reappraisal of the Early Permian amphibamid Tersomius texensis and some referred material

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

The Palatal Interpterygoid Vacuities of Temnospondyls and the Implications for the Associated Eye‐ and Jaw Musculature

The Palatal Interpterygoid Vacuities of Temnospondyls and the Implications for the Associated Eye‐ and Jaw Musculature

Histological skeletochronology indicates developmental plasticity in the early Permian stem lissamphibian Doleserpeton annectens

The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls

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