Realization of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas via image-potential-induced surface states

Donath, M.; Math, C.; Pickel, M.; Schmidt, Anke B.; Weinelt, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.06.044

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The spectra obtained with spin-resolved IPE from bcc Fe films on W(110) (bottom inset of figure 2) reveal an exchange splitting of the image-potential state of 57 ± 5 meV [41]. In the spinresolved 2PPE spectra of fcc-like 7 ML Fe/Cu(001), shown in the topmost inset of figure 2, the image-potential state has a slightly smaller exchange splitting of 40 ± 10 meV, a trend that mirrors the d-band behaviour [42]. Of course this unambiguously tells us that the surface of the 7 ML Fe film, while different in structure from a bcc surface, nevertheless is ferromagnetic.…”

Section: Signatures Of Fcc and Bcc: D-band Splitting And Surface Barriermentioning

confidence: 82%

Ferromagnetic Fe on Cu(001) throughout the fcc-like phase: arguing from the viewpoint of the electronic structure

Donath

Pickel

Schmidt

et al. 2009

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The scientific enthusiasm for ultrathin Fe films on Cu(001) has now lasted for more than 20 years. Is there ferromagnetic iron with a face-centred cubic (fcc) structure? Does ferromagnetism in Fe hinge on the body-centred cubic (bcc) structure? In this contribution, we try to establish that the electron system gives evidence of ferromagnetic behaviour with fcc-like electronic bands. We examine a crystal-induced surface state, which is characteristic of fcc surface order. Furthermore, we compare electronic signatures of fcc and bcc: the d-band exchange splitting, image-potential-state energies and the work function. We conclude that, from the viewpoint of the electronic structure, Fe on Cu(001) is found to be ferromagnetic throughout the fcc-like phase. This result raises a new question: how much deviation from the relaxed fcc order is acceptable without losing the electronic signature of fcc?

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Section: Signatures Of Fcc and Bcc: D-band Splitting And Surface Barriermentioning

confidence: 82%

Ferromagnetic Fe on Cu(001) throughout the fcc-like phase: arguing from the viewpoint of the electronic structure

Donath

Pickel

Schmidt

et al. 2009

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…The energy scale is referred to the initial states, which means that the peaks of the image-potential states shift to lower energy with increasing photon energy. The strongly spin-dependent intensities in the spectra reflect the spin-dependent initial states in combination with the excitation probabilities for populating the image-potential states from them [10,17,18]. The latter depends on the wave function overlap between the bulk states and the image-potential state and can therefore differ between n = 1 and n = 2 states.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface electronic structure of fcc Co films: a combined spin-resolved one- and two-photon-photoemission study

Schmidt¹,

Pickel²,

Allmers³

et al. 2008

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The surface electronic structure of face-centred-cubic cobalt films on Cu(0 0 1) was studied by spin-resolved one- and two-photon photoemission. A minority surface state in a Δ1-symmetry gap of the minority band-structure was identified at about 0.45 eV below the Fermi energy. This state causes a resonance-like enhancement in the population of the minority image-potential surface state in the two-photon-photoemission experiment excited by p-polarized light. Additionally, it appears as a surface-sensitive spectral feature in normal photoemission (PE) and its existence is confirmed by calculations within the one-step model of PE. The majority counterpart of the surface state is theoretically expected at a binding energy of about 1.95 eV. Due to lifetime broadening and bulk transitions in this energy range, the majority state does not appear as a pronounced feature in the spectra. Bulk-derived states close to the Fermi level exhibit shifts to higher binding energy with increasing film thickness, while the minority surface state does not change its energy as a function of Co coverage. These results provide a basis for the interpretation of time-resolved measurements concerning ultrafast magnetization dynamics, which rely on a detailed knowledge of the surface electronic structure of ultrathin films.

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“…Though dynamical information has long been extracted from static photoemission peak widths [278], a more direct method involves their measurement in the time domain using SR-2PPE. This technique [26,277,[279][280][281] has been particularly rewarding for revealing fs dynamics in among others Ni [271,282], Co [270,283], and Fe [276]. The Ti-sapphire laser is undoubtedly (though not exclusively) the workhorse photon source for these experiments.…”

Section: Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-Resolved Valence Photoemission

Seddon

2014

Handbook of Spintronics

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Spin-resolved valence photoemission has recently seen a resurgence of interest fostered by exciting results in a range of interesting materials. Reviewed here are the basics of, the instrumentation for, and techniques useful in spin-resolved photoemission, together with illustrative examples of its utilization for materials of general importance and of particular relevance to spintronics applications. The example materials are broadly classified into nonmagnetic and magnetic systems. The former covers Rashba systems and topological insulators. The latter includes thin films, half-metals, adsorbates and induced moments, and, finally, a short section on imaging. The review is not intended to be comprehensive in its coverage but rather to provide an introduction to hardware and techniques together with an overview of selected results and state-of-the-art developments. List of Abbreviations 1DOne

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Realization of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas via image-potential-induced surface states

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Ferromagnetic Fe on Cu(001) throughout the fcc-like phase: arguing from the viewpoint of the electronic structure

Ferromagnetic Fe on Cu(001) throughout the fcc-like phase: arguing from the viewpoint of the electronic structure

Surface electronic structure of fcc Co films: a combined spin-resolved one- and two-photon-photoemission study

Spin-Resolved Valence Photoemission

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