Real-time multispeckle spectral-temporal measurement unveils the complexity of spatiotemporal solitons

Abstract

The dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) dissipative solitons originated from spatiotemporal interactions share many common characteristics with other multi-dimensional phenomena. Unveiling the dynamics of 3D solitons thus permits new routes for tackling multidisciplinary nonlinear problems and exploiting their instabilities. However, this remains an open challenge, as they are multi-dimensional, stochastic and non-repeatable. Here, we report the real-time speckle-resolved spectral-temporal dynamics of a 3D soliton laser using a single-shot multispeckle spectral-temporal technology that leverages optical time division multiplexing and photonic time stretch. This technology enables the simultaneous observation on multiple speckle grains to provide long-lasting evolutionary dynamics on the planes of cavity time (t) – roundtrip and spectrum (λ) – roundtrip. Various non-repeatable speckly-diverse spectral-temporal dynamics are discovered in both the early and established stages of the 3D soliton formation.

Intelligent Breathing Soliton Generation in Ultrafast Fiber Lasers

“…[50] The generation and propagation of pulses in multimode fibre systems have recently drawn great attention. [51][52][53][54] The nonlinear multimodal interference in multimode fibres has intensity discrimination properties that can be applied in mode-locked fibre lasers to generate a variety of different types of ultrashort pulses. [55] In these emerging laser designs, the vast parameter space makes systematic exploration impracticable, yet ideally suited to optimisation by an EA.…”

Self-Optimising Breather Ultrafast Fibre Laser

“…Our work opens novel opportunities for the exploration of highly dynamic, non-stationary operating regimes of ultrafast lasers, such as soliton explosions, non-repetitive rare events and intermittent nonlinear regimes [27] . A promising application of the EA approach could be to the emerging multimode fibre laser designs [28][29][30][31] , in which the vast parameter space makes systematic exploration impracticable, yet ideally suited to optimisation by an EA.…”

Spatiotemporal Period-Doubling Bifurcation in Mode-Locked Multimode Fiber Lasers

“…By using fiber-based components, all-fiber STML lasers were realized. − Automatic spatiotemporal mode-locking was achieved in an MMF laser by using genetic wavefront shaping . Furthermore, the buildup and evolutionary dynamics of STML solitons were real-time observed. , A theoretical model, attractor dissection, was proposed to understand the mechanism of spatiotemporal mode-locking . By this model, several forms of spatiotemporal mode-locking that have no analogues to the (1 + 1)-dimensional system of single transverse-mode lasers have been identified.…”

“…15 Furthermore, the buildup and evolu-tionary dynamics of STML solitons were real-time observed. 16,17 A theoretical model, attractor dissection, was proposed to understand the mechanism of spatiotemporal mode-locking. 18 By this model, several forms of spatiotemporal mode-locking that have no analogues to the (1 + 1)dimensional system of single transverse-mode lasers have been identified.…”