Real-Time Electronic Diary Reports of Cue Exposure and Mood in the Hours Before Cocaine and Heroin Craving and Use

Epstein, David H.; Willner-Reid, Jessica; Vahabzadeh, Massoud; Mezghanni, Mustapha; Lin, Jia-Ling; Preston, Kenzie L.

doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.509

Cited by 267 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, even after a period of abstinence, dependent individuals remain vulnerable to stress and other craving-inducing stimuli [10], which, in turn, leads to intense physiological responses and various negative feelings such as anger and sadness [11]. Real-time daily monitoring of craving and drug use has shown that craving reliably predicts relapse among dependent individuals [9,[12][13][14][15]. The data suggest that improving the treatment of craving could not only help prevent relapse, but could also reduce patient distress on the emotional, cognitive, and physiological levels.…”

Section: Overview Of Addiction and Current Treatment Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

et al. 2015

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Multiple cannabinoids derived from the marijuana plant have potential therapeutic benefits but most have not been well investigated, despite the widespread legalization of medical marijuana in the USA and other countries. Therapeutic indications will depend on determinations as to which of the multiple cannabinoids, and other biologically active chemicals that are present in the marijuana plant, can be developed to treat specific symptoms and/or diseases. Such insights are particularly critical for addiction disorders, where different phytocannabinoids appear to induce opposing actions that can confound the development of treatment interventions. Whereas Δ 9 -tetracannabinol has been well documented to be rewarding and to enhance sensitivity to other drugs, cannabidiol (CBD), in contrast, appears to have low reinforcing properties with limited abuse potential and to inhibit drug-seeking behavior. Other considerations such as CBD's anxiolytic properties and minimal adverse side effects also support its potential viability as a treatment option for a variety of symptoms associated with drug addiction. However, significant research is still needed as CBD investigations published to date primarily relate to its effects on opioid drugs, and CBD's efficacy at different phases of the abuse cycle for different classes of addictive substances remain largely understudied. Our paper provides an overview of preclinical animal and human clinical investigations, and presents preliminary clinical data that collectively sets a strong foundation in support of the further exploration of CBD as a therapeutic intervention against opioid relapse. As the legal landscape for medical marijuana unfolds, it is important to distinguish it from Bmedical CBD^and other specific cannabinoids, that can more appropriately be used to maximize the medicinal potential of the marijuana plant.

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Section: Overview Of Addiction and Current Treatment Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

et al. 2015

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“…BinDhim et al, 2014;Borland et al, 2013;Bricker et al, 2014;Buller et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2014;Hertzberg et al, 2013;Kirchner et al, 2013;Meredith et al, 2014;V. Patel, Nowostawski, Thomson, Wilson, & Medlin, 2013;Ploderer et al, 2014;Reitzel et al, 2014; Whittaker, 2011) Alcohol 12 (34.3%) (Bendtsen & Bendtsen, 2014;Dulin et al, 2014;Gajecki et al, 2014;Gamito et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2014;Kauer, Reid, Sanci, & Patton, 2009;Matsumura, Yamakoshi, & Ida, 2009;McTavish et al, 2012;Renner, 2012;Yu et al, 2012) Heroin 2 (5.7%) Epstein et al, 2009) Cocaine 1 (2.9%) (Freedman, Lester, McNamara, Milby, & Schumacher, 2006) General 3 (8.6%) (Campling, 2011;Ingersoll et al, 2014; Bendtsen & Bendtsen, 2014;BinDhim et al, 2014;Borland et al, 2013;Bricker et al, 2014;Buller et al, 2014;Dulin et al, 2014;Hasin et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2014;Ingersoll et al, 2014;Ploderer et al, 2014;Renner, 2012;Whittaker, 2011;Yu et al, 2012) Relapse prevention 3 (8.6...…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Over half of the studies provided external support resources for participants, through either clinical treatment as part of the study Epstein et al, 2009;Ingersoll et al, 2014;McTavish et al, 2012), personal care or online interactive resources . However, almost half of the studies did not provide any resources or clinically relevant information for users.…”

Section: Communication Of Clinical Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…User anonymity 13 (38.2% a ) BinDhim et al, 2014;Borland et al, 2013;Freedman et al, 2006;Gajecki et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2014;Matsumura et al, 2009;Renner, 2012;) Data encryption 11 (32.3% b ) BinDhim et al, 2014;Boyer et al, 2012;Gajecki et al, 2014;Gamito et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2014;Meredith et al, 2014;Renner, 2012;) Password protection 7 (24.1% c ) Hasin et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2014;Hertzberg et al, 2013;Renner, 2012;) User control 20 (69.0% d ) (Bendtsen & Bendtsen, 2014;BinDhim et al, 2014;Bricker et al, 2014;Campling, 2011;Gajecki et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2014;Hertzberg et al, 2013;Ingersoll et al, 2014;Kauer et al, 2009;Ploderer et al, 2014;Reitzel et al, 2014;Renner, 2012;Whittaker, 2011;Yu et al, 2012 Dulin et al, 2014;Epstein et al, 2009;Freedman et al, 2006;Gamito et al, 2014;Hasin et al, 2014;Ingersoll et al, 2014;Johnson et al, 2009;Kauer et al, 2009;…”

Section: Ethical Consideration N (%) References Privacyunclassified

“…d Six applications were coded as NA for this ethical consideration as they were either used in controlled experimental conditions or were not invasive to the users privacy Freedman et al, 2006;Gamito et al, 2014;Matsumura et al, 2009;Meredith et al, 2014;. e 17 applications were coded as NA for this ethical consideration as messaging was not included in the features BinDhim et al, 2014;Bricker et al, 2014;Epstein et al, 2009;Freedman et al, 2006;Gamito et al, 2014;D. H. Gustafson et al, 2014;Hasin et al, 2014;Hertzberg et al, 2013;Matsumura et al, 2009;Meredith et al, 2014;Ploderer et al, 2014;Reitzel et al, 2014;.…”

Section: Ethical Consideration N (%) References Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Realising the technological promise of smartphones in addiction research and treatment: An ethical review

Capon

Hall

Fry

et al. 2016

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background: Smartphone technologies and mHealth applications (or apps) promise unprecedented scope for data collection, treatment intervention, and relapse prevention when used in the field of substance abuse and addiction. This potential also raises new ethical challenges that researchers, clinicians, and software developers must address. Aims: This paper aims to identify ethical issues in the current uses of smartphones in addiction research and treatment. Methods: A search of three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo) identified 33 studies involving smartphones or mHealth applications for use in the research and treatment of substance abuse and addiction. A content analysis was conducted to identify how smartphones are being used in these fields and to highlight the ethical issues raised by these studies. Results: Smartphones are being used to collect large amounts of sensitive information, including personal information, geo-location, physiological activity, self-reports of mood and cravings, and the consumption of illicit drugs, alcohol and nicotine. Given that detailed information is being collected about potentially illegal behaviour, we identified the following ethical considerations: protecting user privacy, maximising equity in access, ensuring informed consent, providing participants with adequate clinical resources, communicating clinically relevant results to individuals, and the urgent need to demonstrate evidence of safety and efficacy of the technologies. Conclusions: mHealth technology offers the possibility to collect large amounts of valuable personal information that may enhance research and treatment of substance abuse and addiction. To realise this potential researchers, clinicians and app-developers must address these ethical concerns to maximise the benefits and minimise risks of harm to users.

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Effect of Selective Inhibition of Reactivated Nicotine-Associated Memories With Propranolol on Nicotine Craving

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCE A relapse into nicotine addiction during abstinence often occurs after the reactivation of nicotine reward memories, either by acute exposure to nicotine (a smoking episode) or by smoking-associated conditioned stimuli (CS). Preclinical studies suggest that drug reward memories can undergo memory reconsolidation after being reactivated, during which they can be weakened or erased by pharmacological or behavioral manipulations. However, translational clinical studies using CS-induced memory retrieval-reconsolidation procedures to decrease drug craving reported inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To develop and test an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)-induced retrieval-reconsolidation procedure to decrease nicotine craving among people who smoke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A translational rat study and human study in an academic outpatient medical center among 96 male smokers (aged 18–45 years) to determine the association of propranolol administration within the time window of memory reconsolidation (after retrieval of the nicotine-associated memories by nicotine UCS exposure) with relapse to nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and operant nicotine seeking in rats, and measures of preference to nicotine-associated CS and nicotine craving among people who smoke. INTERVENTION The study rats were injected noncontingently with the UCS (nicotine 0.15 mg/kg, subcutaneous) in their home cage, and the human study participants administered a dose of propranolol (40 mg, per os; Zhongnuo Pharma). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Nicotine CPP and operant nicotine seeking in rats, and preference and craving ratings for newly learned and preexisting real-life nicotine-associated CS among people who smoke. RESULTS Sixty-nine male smokers completed the experiment and were included for statistical analysis: 24 in the group that received placebo plus 1 hour plus UCS, 23 who received propranolol plus 1 hour plus UCS, and 22 who received UCS plus 6 hours plus propranolol. In rat relapse models, propranolol injections administered immediately after nicotine UCS-induced memory retrieval inhibited subsequent nicotine CPP and operant nicotine seeking after short (CPP, d = 1.72, 95% CI, 0.63–2.77; operant seeking, d = 1.61, 95% CI, 0.59–2.60) or prolonged abstinence (CPP, d = 1.46, 95% CI, 0.42–2.47; operant seeking: d = 1.69, 95% CI, 0.66–2.69), as well as nicotine priming-induced reinstatement of nicotine CPP (d = 1.28, 95% CI, 0.27–2.26) and operant nicotine seeking (d = 1.61, 95% CI, 0.59–2.60) after extinction. Among the smokers, oral propranolol administered prior to nicotine UCS-induced memory retrieval decreased subsequent nicotine preference induced by newly learned nicotine CS (CS1, Cohen d =0.61, 95% CI, 0.02–1.19 and CS2, d = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.10–1.28, respectively), preexisting nicotine CS (d = 0.57, 95% CI, −0.02 to 1.15), and nicotine priming (CS1, d = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.22–1.41 and CS2, d = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.18–1.37, respectively; preexisting nicotine CS, d = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.31–1.52), as well as nicotine c...

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Real-Time Electronic Diary Reports of Cue Exposure and Mood in the Hours Before Cocaine and Heroin Craving and Use

Cited by 267 publications

References 29 publications

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

Realising the technological promise of smartphones in addiction research and treatment: An ethical review

Effect of Selective Inhibition of Reactivated Nicotine-Associated Memories With Propranolol on Nicotine Craving

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