Real time digital simulator based test system for microgrid management system

Real Time Simulation of Distribution System with Distributed Energy Resources

“…This model includes an equation to describe the electrochemical behavior of a battery directly in terms of terminal voltage, open circuit voltage, internal resistance, discharge current and state-of-charge [8]- [10]. The charge and discharge equations are summarized as follows:…”

“…From equation (8), with the desired value of the PCC active powerso called P order , the output active power of BESS can be obtained easily as follows:…”

Integration of Power System Real-Time Digital Simulator and Optimal Power Flow

“…In order to analyze these difficult problems, the power system simulator is used to analyze the reliability of the new system and operation of the power system. Because the entire power system operation involves energy management and controls under dynamic/transient/steady states and beforehand prediction/analyses for the abnormal phenomena, not only a real-time simulator to simulate system's real-time dynamic response but also an EMS (Energy Management System) suitable for system hierarchy (or micro grids) is needed for interaction with the simulator so as to truly represent the dynamic and steady-state responses of system operations [2].…”