Reagents types in flotation of iron oxide minerals: A review

Nakhaei, Fardis; Irannajad, Mehdi

doi:10.1080/08827508.2017.1391245

Cited by 97 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…All the above mentioned minerals have been successfully collected by carboxylates (Fuerstenau and Palmer, 1976;Leja, 1981;Bulatovic, 2010;Wills et al, 2016) as well as many silicates (Fuerstenau and Palmer, 1976), including andalusite/kyanite (Jin et al, 2019), spodumene (Xu et al, 2016(Xu et al, , 2017aZhu et al, 2018), feldspars (Xu et al, 2016(Xu et al, , 2017a, activated quartz (Gaudin and Fuerstenau, 1956;Fuerstenau and Palmer, 1976), muscovite (Alekseev and Morozov, 1975), and beryllium silicates (Walsh and Vidal, 2009). In addition, pure oxides such as cassiterite (Angadi et al, 2015) or hematite (Nakhaei and Irannajad, 2018) have been collected using fatty acids with satisfactory performances. These collectors have been commonly used for scheelite collection considering their low cost, high efficiency, and environment friendliness.…”

Section: Carboxylatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Tungsten Skarn Processing by Froth Flotation: A Review

et al. 2020

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Recently, tungsten has drawn worldwide attention considering its high supply risk and economic importance in the modern society. Skarns represent one of the most important types of tungsten deposits in terms of reserves. They contain fine-grained scheelite (CaWO 4) associated with complex gangue minerals, i.e., minerals that display similar properties, particularly surface properties, compared to scheelite. Consistently, the froth flotation of scheelite still remains, in the twenty first century, a strong scientific, industrial, and technical challenge. Various reagents suitable for scheelite flotation (collectors and depressants, mostly) are reviewed in the present work, with a strong focus on the separation of scheelite from calcium salts, namely, fluorite, apatite, and calcite, which generally represent significant amounts in tungsten skarns. Albeit some reagents allow increasing significantly the selectivity regarding a mineral, most reagents fail in providing a good global selectivity in favor of scheelite. Overall, the greenest, most efficient, and cheapest method for scheelite flotation is to use fatty acids as collectors with sodium silicate as depressant, although this solution suffers from a crucial lack of selectivity regarding the above-mentioned calcium salts. Therefore, the use of reagent combinations, commonly displaying synergistic effects, is highly recommended to achieve a selective flotation of scheelite from the calcium salts as well as from calcium silicates.

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Section: Carboxylatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Tungsten Skarn Processing by Froth Flotation: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…All of the calculated bulk lattice parameters were compared with the experimental values and a difference index (DI) was applied to verify the validity and rationality of the parameters setting. The DI was calculated by Equation (1).…”

Section: Optimization Of Aegirite and Specularite Bulk Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron is an important base metal and is widely used in various industries. Its low cost and high strength make it indispensable in engineering applications such as the construction of machinery and machine tools, automobiles, the hulls of large ships, and structural components for buildings [1]. Iron ranks first among the metals in worldwide production and consumption [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties and Floatability Comparison of Aegirite and Specularite by Density Functional Theory Study and Experiment

Gao

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Understanding the differences in surface properties between aegirite and specularite is of great significance to study their separation. In this work, the surface properties of aegirite and specularite, as well as their relationships to floatability, have been explored by first principle calculation, flotation, and Zeta potential measurement. The surface relaxation indicated that the specularite (001) surface appeared to show more surface reconstruction. The unsatisfied bond properties, Mulliken bond population, and surface charge showed that the floatability of specularite was superior to that of aegirite. The flotation results showed that the hydrophobicity of specularite was higher than that of aegirite with dodecylamine (DDA) as the collector. It is infeasible to separate specularite from aegirite by flotation using starch as the depressant, and research of effective reagents with high affinity to the element Si is the subclinical breakthrough point of specularite/aegirite separation.Minerals 2019, 9, 782 2 of 15 flotation with amines. They also found that starch was not a selective depressant for magnetite in the process of the reverse cationic flotation of iron ores when iron-containing silicates as amphiboles are present in the flotation system [8]. Carboxymethyl cellulose, an effective depressant for iron oxide, was also found to be a depressant for chlorite [14].The novel high-efficiency depressants or collectors are considered to be an effective method to solve the unsatisfactory separation problems [15,16]. These depressants and collectors are targeted for making a sufficient hydrophilic and hydrophobic state of the mineral and gangue surface, respectively. Therefore, they are profoundly inseparable from understanding the surface properties of the minerals in the novel depressant or collector molecule design and their adsorption mechanism on the mineral surface.In recent years, with the rapid developments of theoretical and computational chemistry, a density functional theory (DFT) calculation can be adopted to visually investigate the surface properties and floatability of minerals and to predict possible novel reagents [4,17]. The wettability of the mineral surface and its regulation have always been the core issues of the flotation process [18][19][20]. Thus, further research of the nature of the cleavage surface, especially of the main cleavage surface, is of great significance for investigating the floatability of the minerals. For example, Han et al. [21] calculated the surface properties of the hemimorphite (110) surface and the simthsointe (101) surface by the first-principle calculation method to investigate their relationships to the mineral floatability, which implied that hemimorphite (110) surface is more readily wetted by water, while the O atoms on hemimorphite (110) surface are more impeding of collector molecules. He et al. [22] calculated the properties of spodumene and revealed that the O atoms in spodumene are the most active, while the Li atoms are inactive, so an activator is nece...

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“…Surfactants used in mineral flotation are mainly divided into two categories. One is natural surfactant, which are derived from natural resources such as petroleum, animals, and plants [18][19][20]. The other is a chemically synthesized surfactant [17,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Application Potential of Coffee Oil as an Ilmenite Flotation Collector

Wang

Xiao

Ma³

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Coffee grounds are the most significant production waste in the coffee industry and contain about 15% coffee oil. Coffee oil is rich in fatty acids and polyphenols, which have great application potential in the flotation of oxidized minerals. In this study, coffee oil as a green flotation collector for ilmenite was investigated by micro-flotation, zeta potential measurement, and foam stability analysis. The results of zeta potential reveal that both coffee oil and MOH can be adsorbed on the ilmenite surface at pH 6.7, and the chemical adsorption mode is dominant. However, when the pH is 2.8, the adsorption capacity of coffee oil on the ilmenite surface is much larger than that of MOH. The pH value of the pulp has little effect on the foam properties in the coffee oil solution and has a great influence on the foaming performance and foam stability of the MOH solution. When coffee oil is used as a collector, the grade of TiO2 in ilmenite concentrate is increased from 21.68% to 46.83%, and the recovery is 90.22%, indicating that the potential of coffee oil in the application of ilmenite flotation is large.

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Reagents types in flotation of iron oxide minerals: A review

Cited by 97 publications

References 99 publications

The Challenge of Tungsten Skarn Processing by Froth Flotation: A Review

The Challenge of Tungsten Skarn Processing by Froth Flotation: A Review

Surface Properties and Floatability Comparison of Aegirite and Specularite by Density Functional Theory Study and Experiment

Analysis of the Application Potential of Coffee Oil as an Ilmenite Flotation Collector

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