Reading music and words: The anatomical connectivity of musicians’ visual cortex

Bouhali, Florence; Mongelli, Valeria; Schotten, Michel Thiebaut de; Cohen, Laurent D.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116666

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…It is challenging to consider the degree of normal variability that is possible to occur for these cells and circuits for every one of us. For example, the gray matter volume in the cortical areas related to complex visual-spatial, auditory, motor skills, connectivity of the tracts, and the functional activation overlap of language and music are all significantly larger in musicians than in non-musicians (Gaser and Schlaug, 2003;Bouhali et al, 2020). This is in line with the Ramón y Cajal's (1894a) statement: "it can be admitted as very probable that mental exercise leads to a greater development of the dendritic apparatus and of the system of axonal collaterals in the most utilized cerebral regions.…”

Section: Integrating Pyramidal Morphology On Complex Network In the Human Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subcortical-Allocortical- Neocortical continuum for the Emergence and Morphological Heterogeneity of Pyramidal Neurons in the Human Brain

Rasia‐Filho

Guerra

Vásquez

et al. 2021

Front. Synaptic Neurosci.

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Human cortical and subcortical areas integrate emotion, memory, and cognition when interpreting various environmental stimuli for the elaboration of complex, evolved social behaviors. Pyramidal neurons occur in developed phylogenetic areas advancing along with the allocortex to represent 70–85% of the neocortical gray matter. Here, we illustrate and discuss morphological features of heterogeneous spiny pyramidal neurons emerging from specific amygdaloid nuclei, in CA3 and CA1 hippocampal regions, and in neocortical layers II/III and V of the anterolateral temporal lobe in humans. Three-dimensional images of Golgi-impregnated neurons were obtained using an algorithm for the visualization of the cell body, dendritic length, branching pattern, and pleomorphic dendritic spines, which are specialized plastic postsynaptic units for most excitatory inputs. We demonstrate the emergence and development of human pyramidal neurons in the cortical and basomedial (but not the medial, MeA) nuclei of the amygdala with cells showing a triangular cell body shape, basal branched dendrites, and a short apical shaft with proximal ramifications as “pyramidal-like” neurons. Basomedial neurons also have a long and distally ramified apical dendrite not oriented to the pial surface. These neurons are at the beginning of the allocortex and the limbic lobe. “Pyramidal-like” to “classic” pyramidal neurons with laminar organization advance from the CA3 to the CA1 hippocampal regions. These cells have basal and apical dendrites with specific receptive synaptic domains and several spines. Neocortical pyramidal neurons in layers II/III and V display heterogeneous dendritic branching patterns adapted to the space available and the afferent inputs of each brain area. Dendritic spines vary in their distribution, density, shapes, and sizes (classified as stubby/wide, thin, mushroom-like, ramified, transitional forms, “atypical” or complex forms, such as thorny excrescences in the MeA and CA3 hippocampal region). Spines were found isolated or intermingled, with evident particularities (e.g., an extraordinary density in long, deep CA1 pyramidal neurons), and some showing a spinule. We describe spiny pyramidal neurons considerably improving the connectional and processing complexity of the brain circuits. On the other hand, these cells have some vulnerabilities, as found in neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease and in temporal lobe epilepsy.

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Section: Integrating Pyramidal Morphology On Complex Network In the Human Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subcortical-Allocortical- Neocortical continuum for the Emergence and Morphological Heterogeneity of Pyramidal Neurons in the Human Brain

Rasia‐Filho

Guerra

Vásquez

et al. 2021

Front. Synaptic Neurosci.

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“…In one of these, Klein et al (2016) showed effects of musicianship on electrophysiological networks in brain regions closely related to the perception and production of music. Studies on structural networks in musicians have exclusively used an ROI-based approach by focusing on separate white-matter tracts or brain regions (Abdul-Kareem et al, 2011; Bengtsson et al, 2005; Bouhali et al, 2020; Elmer et al, 2016; Halwani et al, 2011; Imfeld et al, 2009; Oechslin et al, 2010a; Rüber et al, 2015; Schlaug et al, 1995; Schmithorst and Wilke, 2002; Steele et al, 2013; Vollmann et al, 2014). No previous structural connectivity study comparing musicians and non-musicians has employed a whole-brain connectomic approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musical expertise shapes functional and structural brain networks independent of absolute pitch ability

Leipold

Klein

Jäncke

2020

Preprint

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Professional musicians are a popular model for investigating experience-dependent plasticity in human large-scale brain networks. A minority of musicians possess absolute pitch, the ability to name a tone without reference. The study of absolute pitch musicians provides insights into how a very specific talent is reflected in brain networks.Previous studies of the effects of musicianship and absolute pitch on large-scale brain networks have yielded highly heterogeneous findings regarding the localization and direction of the effects. This heterogeneity was likely influenced by small samples and vastly different methodological approaches.Here, we conducted a comprehensive multimodal assessment of effects of musicianship and absolute pitch on intrinsic functional and structural connectivity using a variety of commonly employed and state-of-the-art multivariate methods in the largest sample to date (n = 153; 52 absolute pitch musicians, 51 relative pitch musicians, and 50 non-musicians).Our results show robust effects of musicianship in inter- and intrahemispheric connectivity in both structural and functional networks. Crucially, most of the effects were replicable in both musicians with and without absolute pitch when compared to non-musicians. However, we did not find evidence for an effect of absolute pitch on intrinsic functional or structural connectivity in our data: The two musician groups showed strikingly similar networks across all analyses.Our results suggest that long-term musical training is associated with robust changes in large-scale brain networks. The effects of absolute pitch on neural networks might be extremely subtle, requiring very large samples or task-based experiments to be detected.

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“…Ganicheva, E.A. Meleshkina say [14], many performers carefully study the subtleties of the musical text, which is confirmed in the work of Florence Bouhali, Valeria Mongelli, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Laurent Cohenah [15], endlessly rehearse all aspects of the upcoming performance, but, going on stage, they lose the ability control everything that happens. Therefore, the teacher is faced with the task of forming the skills of the stage freedom of the student during the stage performance.…”

Section: Itse-2020mentioning

confidence: 82%

Historical transformations of techniques for overcoming performance anxiety in the context of professional training of a modern vocalist

et al. 2020

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This paper studies the problem of overcoming performance anxiety, which, to one degree or another, every musician faces throughout his educational and professional activities. The success of his professional self-realization in the modern socio-cultural space will depend on what productive ways aimed at eliminating negative manifestations of performance anxiety as an integral part of musical performance and gaining organic stage freedom will be found by the future vocalist. The performing activity of a musician can be characterized as an extremely tense, responsible, complex, stressful process. The problem of the relationship between the personality of a musician and his ability to evoke a state of stage freedom during a performance is one of the most interesting topics for research, but at the same time, one of the most difficult to solve. A theoretical analysis of the literature on the problem considered in the paper, the study of the basic practical pedagogical principles of the development of the state of stage freedom in the professional training of a modern vocalist served as the basis for revealing the specifics of the interaction between a teacher and a student on the basis of joint work on the formation of professional and spiritual qualities of a modern vocalist. Based on the analysis of the historical practice of psychophysical trainings, in particular, some ancient Eastern practices; continuity and specificity of the methods, techniques and exercises of the Russian theater school, the paper identifies effective ways of forming the professional qualities of a vocalist's personality, in particular, stage freedom.

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Reading music and words: The anatomical connectivity of musicians’ visual cortex

Cited by 15 publications

References 101 publications

The Subcortical-Allocortical- Neocortical continuum for the Emergence and Morphological Heterogeneity of Pyramidal Neurons in the Human Brain

The Subcortical-Allocortical- Neocortical continuum for the Emergence and Morphological Heterogeneity of Pyramidal Neurons in the Human Brain

Musical expertise shapes functional and structural brain networks independent of absolute pitch ability

Historical transformations of techniques for overcoming performance anxiety in the context of professional training of a modern vocalist

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