Reactively Sputtered Cu2ZnTiS4 Thin Film as Low-Cost Earth-Abundant Absorber

Ag, Ti dual-cation substitution in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 induced growth promotion and defect suppression for high-efficiency solar cells

“…Though the current Cu 2 ZnTiSe 4 device performance is inferior to that of Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 or Cu 2 ZnGeSe 4 due to its unstable chemical potential region and worse absorbing lm quality, its absorption coefficient is twice that of Cu 2 -ZnSn(S,Se) 4 , and it has excellent photoelectric performance. [29][30][31][32][33] Therefore, it is expected that Sn-related detrimental defects, including Cu Sn antisites and [2Cu Zn + Sn Zn ] defect clusters can be suppressed, and superior light absorption can be established by partially replacing Sn with Ti in the CZTSSe absorber layer.…”

“…28 In parallel, Seniha Adiguzel et al prepared a Cu 2 ZnTiSe 4 kesterite structured semiconductor by completely replacing Sn with Ti, providing a new isoelectronic substitution scenario for Sn. 29 Compared with Ga and Ge, Ti possesses advantages of earth-abundant nature and valence state tolerance regarding Sn substitution. Though the current Cu 2 ZnTiSe 4 device performance is inferior to that of Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 or Cu 2 ZnGeSe 4 due to its unstable chemical potential region and worse absorbing film quality, its absorption coefficient is twice that of Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 , and it has excellent photoelectric performance.…”

A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Strategy of Cation Substitution in CZTS(Se) Thin Films to Achieve Highly Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells

“…Adiguzel et al grew Cu 2 ZnTiS 4 thin films on glass using the reactive cosputtering method using high‐purity ZnS and Cu and Ti metals as targets and H 2 S as reactive gas. [ 100 ] The films were deposited at different substrate temperatures of 100, 175, and 250 °C and with various H 2 S flow rates followed by annealing 400 °C for half an hour. The resulting Cu 2 ZnTiS 4 thin films exhibited a narrower bandgap and higher absorption coefficient compared with the conventional kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , which were in agreement with the theoretical interpretations.…”