Reactive electric-discharge sintering of TiN-TiB2

Abstract

UDC 621.762.5:666.3/7Powder mixtures based on titanium and its dihydrides are sintered by electric discharge in a certain current mode to produce TiN + TiB 2 composites. It is established that the use of tetragonal titanium hydride as the starting material results in the complete synthesis leading to a TiN + TiB 2 composite. The higher shrinkage rate results from the higher purity of titanium dihydride, which, in its turn, increases the partial pressure of hydrogen in the reaction area and the reaction rate. Tetragonal titanium hydride is more preferable than cubic hydride and metal titanium. The microstructure of alloys resulting from the sintering of hydride-based mixtures is more homogenous: it includes equiaxial grains with the mean size of about 1 µm.

Outside Mainstream Electronic Databases: Review of Studies Conducted in the USSR and Post-Soviet Countries on Electric Current-Assisted Consolidation of Powder Materials

“…The majority of studies performed until 2007 in this Institute and other research organizations were conducted using a facility developed and manufactured by a research team led by Raichenko in 1976 [ 5 ]. In the following years, ERAN 2/1 set-up was also used in Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In 2008–2010, Gevorkyan and Gutsalenko in Kharkov published a series of articles on sintering of ceramic materials using a hot-pressing facility with direct current heating [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ].…”

“…Electric discharge sintering was also conducted using ERAN 2/1 facility of Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] shown in Figure 16 . This facility allows heating samples 8 mm in diameter up to 1700 °C in 90–120 s.…”

“…Sintering of Cu-8 wt % Al intermetallics received particular attention. Lattice parameters of a Cu-Al alloy produced by casting and by electric discharge sintering followed by a 40 s-dwell was compared [ 60 ]. The determined lattice parameters were very close indicating a high homogeneity of the sintered material.…”

Dry sliding wear behaviour of Ti-TiB-TiN<SUB align="right">x in-situ composite synthesised by reactive hot pressing

“…Several studies were performed on in-situ composites utilising Ti together with reactants such as TiB 2 , B 4 C, B, C, and BN to form reinforcing phases such as TiB, TiB 2 , TiC, TiN by using reactive sintering, reactive hot pressing, spark plasma sintering, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and liquid metallurgical routes (Radhakrishna Bhat et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2013Kim et al, , 2011Feng et al, 2005;Atri et al, 1999;Chaudhari and Bauri, 2013;Wei et al, 2013;Panda and Chandran, 2003;Petukhov et al, 2007;Rangaraj et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2013;Yeh and Teng, 2006;Zhan et al, 2009;Contreras et al, 2004;Locci et al, 2006;Xinghong et al, 2002;Yeh and Chen, 2008;Zhang et al, 2013a;Gotman et al, 1998;Olevsky et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2012;Wen et al, 2001;Lu et al, 2002;Li et al, 2001Li et al, , 2015Qin et al, 2011;Das et al, 2014). Within this variety of combinations, Ti-B-N system has been studied by several authors (Rangaraj et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2013;Yeh and Teng, 2006;Olevsky et al, 1996;Li et al, 2001).…”

B deficiency in TiB2 and B solid solution in TiN in TiN–TiB2 composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

“…1,[4][5][6][7][8] TiB 2 is compatible with TiN at high temperature, and no ternary Ti-B-N compound has been reported in the TiN-TiB 2 system. 9,10 TiN-TiB 2 composites have been prepared by reaction sintering of Ti, TiH 2 , B and BN powders, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and by sintering of TiB 2 and TiN powders. 20,21 Although TiN-TiB 2 composites have many attractive characteristics as ultra-high temperature structural materials, the lattice parameters of TiB 2 have never been reported in the literature.…”