Reactive Discovery of Point-to-Point Routes in Low-Power and Lossy Networks

Goyal, Megh R.; Philipp, Matthias; Brandt, Anders; Baccelli, Emmanuel; Martocci, Jerald

doi:10.17487/rfc6997

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Thus, in April 2010, RoLL WG started the proposal of a new solution to improve the P2P supported by RPL. Hence, in August 2013, the Reactive Discovery of Point-to-Point Routes in Low-Power and Lossy Networks (P2P-RPL) was presented as an IETF standard in the RFC 6997 [61]. P2P-RPL is an extension of RPL that allows the creation of P2P routes on demand, working as a reactive routing protocol.…”

Section: Enhanced Routing Solutions For Internet Of Things Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing Protocols for Low Power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things Applications

Sobral

Rodrigues

Rabêlo

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications has taken the attention of several researchers. In an effort to provide interoperability and IPv6 support for the IoT devices, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposed the 6LoWPAN stack. However, the particularities and hardware limitations of networks associated with IoT devices lead to several challenges, mainly for routing protocols. On its stack proposal, IETF standardizes the RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) as the routing protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). RPL is a tree-based proactive routing protocol that creates acyclic graphs among the nodes to allow data exchange. Although widely considered and used by current applications, different recent studies have shown its limitations and drawbacks. Among these, it is possible to highlight the weak support of mobility and P2P traffic, restrictions for multicast transmissions, and lousy adaption for dynamic throughput. Motivated by the presented issues, several new solutions have emerged during recent years. The approaches range from the consideration of different routing metrics to an entirely new solution inspired by other routing protocols. In this context, this work aims to present an extensive survey study about routing solutions for IoT/LLN, not limited to RPL enhancements. In the course of the paper, the routing requirements of LLNs, the initial protocols, and the most recent approaches are presented. The IoT routing enhancements are divided according to its main objectives and then studied individually to point out its most important strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, as the main contribution, this study presents a comprehensive discussion about the considered approaches, identifying the still remaining open issues and suggesting future directions to be recognized by new proposals.

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Section: Enhanced Routing Solutions For Internet Of Things Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing Protocols for Low Power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things Applications

Sobral

Rodrigues

Rabêlo

et al. 2019

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, in contrast with the proactive nature of RPL, applications such as home automation and building automation require a device to communicate with another device on demand. To address the drawbacks, an extension of RPL, P2P-RPL [11,12], has been proposed as an experimental standard. P2P-RPL provides a reactive mechanism.…”

Section: Overview Of Rplmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Congestion Control for RPL-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Lim

2019

Sensors

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RPL (IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks) proposed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) ROLL (routing over low-power and lossy networks) working group is a de facto standard routing protocol for IoT environments. Since the standardization was proposed, RPL has been extensively improved for diverse application scenarios and environments. Congestion control is one of the most important reasons why RPL has been improved. In an LLN (low power and lossy network), congestion may even lead to network lifetime reduction. In resource-constrained networks where end-to-end congestion control is not feasible, RPL should play a more crucial role in congestion control. In this survey, we review the RPL schemes proposed for congestion control and load-balancing and discuss future research directions.

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“…That said, an extension of RPL has been proposed [12,13] as an experimental standard. The latter is based on a reactive scheme that can provide shorter P2P paths ondemand without necessarily going through the sink.…”

Section: Extension To Cope With P2p Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter was standardized in RFC6550 [11] and optimized for point-to-multipoint traffic flow. It also provides mechanisms for multipoint-to-point, as well as point-topoint communications [12,13]. Packet processing and forwarding were separated from routing optimization goals through the objective function (OF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on RPL enhancements: A focus on topology, security and mobility

Kamgueu

Nataf

Ndie

2018

Computer Communications

114

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A few years ago, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was proposed by IETF as the routing standard designed for classes of networks in which both nodes and their interconnects are constrained. Since then, great attention has been paid by the scientific and industrial communities for the protocol evaluation and improvement. Indeed, depending on applications scenarios, constraints related to the target environments or other requirements, many adaptations and improvements can be made. So, since the initial release of the standard, several implementations were proposed, some targeting specific optimization goals whereas others would optimize several criteria while building the routing topology. They include, but are not limited to, extending the network lifetime, maximizing throughput at the sink node, avoiding the less secured nodes, considering nodes or sink mobility. Sometimes, to consider the Quality of Service (QoS), it is necessary to consider several of those criteria at the same time. This paper reviews recent works on RPL and highlights major contributions to its improvement, especially those related to topology optimization, security and mobility. We aim to provide an insight into relevant efforts around the protocol, draw some lessons and give useful guidelines for future developments.

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Reactive Discovery of Point-to-Point Routes in Low-Power and Lossy Networks

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Routing Protocols for Low Power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things Applications

Routing Protocols for Low Power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things Applications

A Survey on Congestion Control for RPL-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Survey on RPL enhancements: A focus on topology, security and mobility

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