Reactions of Young Adults to September 11, 2001

Abstract

Young adults who did not directly witness the events of September 11 experienced reactions that were multifaceted and transient--except for persisting trust in government.

A Changed America? The Effects of September 11th on Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Consumption

“…Differences in these measures were no longer statistically significant after this time period. This "fading" of effect is consistent with the reactions by young adults to September 11th, as reported by Ford et al (2003), and polling conducted by media outlets (Langer 2002). Recent research conducted among New York City residents also points to some dissipation of mental health effects related to the attacks.…”

The Impact of the Madrid Bombing on Personal Emotions, Emotional Atmosphere and Emotional Climate

“…This decline in perceived sadness was significantly less than the decline in personal sadness. Thus, in line with research studies analyzing the impact of the September 11 attacks (Ford et al, 2003), we can conclude that this type of tragedy leaves behind profound trace of sadness in the atmosphere.…”

Reactions to macro-level shocks and re-examination of adaptation theory using Big Data

“…Therefore, the invasion turned an initial Ukraine problem into an all-country problem, and we only see in week three that the happiness levels were positive and significantly related to the event week (thus adapting to happiness levels before the event week). The above findings, in terms of the length of the shocks' effect on happiness, two weeks (lockdown) and three weeks (Ukraine invasion), are in line with previous research such as Metcalfe et al [17], Ford et al [70] and Knudsen et al [71].…”