Reactions of Dogs Without Neocortex During Cycles of Addiction to Morphine and Methadone

Comparative Psychopharmacology: Animal Experimental Studies on the Effects of Drugs on Behavior.

“…Morphine, too, has been reported to "markedly diminish" the variety of "neurotic" reactions ("phobias," "compulsions," "regressions") in the cat associated with feeding-punishment conflicts of the Masserman type (air-blast-shock paired with conditioned food-getting behavior) (196). Similar effects are also discernible in the dog with the "neurosis" induced by the complex discrimination technique (195). Later studies with this same Masserman technique have extended the list of drugs which can effect some change in the "conditioned neurosis" to include alcohol (86,87,132), Sodium Amytal (131), and benactyzine (87).…”

Comparative Psychopharmacology: Animal Experimental Studies on the Effects of Drugs on Behavior.

“…Morphine, too, has been reported to "markedly diminish" the variety of "neurotic" reactions ("phobias," "compulsions," "regressions") in the cat associated with feeding-punishment conflicts of the Masserman type (air-blast-shock paired with conditioned food-getting behavior) (196). Similar effects are also discernible in the dog with the "neurosis" induced by the complex discrimination technique (195). Later studies with this same Masserman technique have extended the list of drugs which can effect some change in the "conditioned neurosis" to include alcohol (86,87,132), Sodium Amytal (131), and benactyzine (87).…”

On the Nature of Addiction and Habituation*

“…Central to the argument is the assumption that repeated doses of morphine-like drugs do produce organismal changes, independent of, though presumably subjected to conditioning factors, that are responsible for the abstinence syndrome. About this there can be but little question, since it has been possible to demonstrate that chronic decorticated and chronic spinal dogs do develop tolerance to, and exhibit abstinence phenomena after repeated administration of morphine or methadone, and analogous observations have also been made in a "spinal" man (3,4,5). Some highly suggestive data have also been reported by other investigators, bearing on the question of conditioning, both of the classical(6) and instrumental varieties (7,8).…”

Comparative Psychopharmacology: Animal Experimental Studies on the Effects of Drugs on Behavior.

“…Morphine, too, has been reported to "markedly diminish" the variety of "neurotic" reactions ("phobias," "compulsions," "regressions") in the cat associated with feeding-punishment conflicts of the Masserman type (air-blast-shock paired with conditioned food-getting behavior) (196). Similar effects are also discernible in the dog with the "neurosis" induced by the complex discrimination technique (195). Later studies with this same Masserman technique have extended the list of drugs which can effect some change in the "conditioned neurosis" to include alcohol (86,87,132), Sodium Amytal (131), and benactyzine (87).…”

On the Nature of Addiction and Habituation*

“…Central to the argument is the assumption that repeated doses of morphine-like drugs do produce organismal changes, independent of, though presumably subjected to conditioning factors, that are responsible for the abstinence syndrome. About this there can be but little question, since it has been possible to demonstrate that chronic decorticated and chronic spinal dogs do develop tolerance to, and exhibit abstinence phenomena after repeated administration of morphine or methadone, and analogous observations have also been made in a "spinal" man (3,4,5). Some highly suggestive data have also been reported by other investigators, bearing on the question of conditioning, both of the classical(6) and instrumental varieties (7,8).…”

Comparative Psychopharmacology: Animal Experimental Studies on the Effects of Drugs on Behavior.

“…Morphine, too, has been reported to "markedly diminish" the variety of "neurotic" reactions ("phobias," "compulsions," "regressions") in the cat associated with feeding-punishment conflicts of the Masserman type (air-blast-shock paired with conditioned food-getting behavior) (196). Similar effects are also discernible in the dog with the "neurosis" induced by the complex discrimination technique (195). Later studies with this same Masserman technique have extended the list of drugs which can effect some change in the "conditioned neurosis" to include alcohol (86,87,132), Sodium Amytal (131), and benactyzine (87).…”

On the Nature of Addiction and Habituation*

“…Central to the argument is the assumption that repeated doses of morphine-like drugs do produce organismal changes, independent of, though presumably subjected to conditioning factors, that are responsible for the abstinence syndrome. About this there can be but little question, since it has been possible to demonstrate that chronic decorticated and chronic spinal dogs do develop tolerance to, and exhibit abstinence phenomena after repeated administration of morphine or methadone, and analogous observations have also been made in a "spinal" man (3,4,5). Some highly suggestive data have also been reported by other investigators, bearing on the question of conditioning, both of the classical(6) and instrumental varieties (7,8).…”