Reaction of Some Kenyan Wheat Cultivars to Head Blight after Inoculation with Fusarium graminearum

Muthomi, James W.; Ndungu, J.; Chemining’wa, George N.; Wagacha, John M.

doi:10.3923/ajps.2007.585.591

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Fusarium, Alternaria, Trichoderma, Epicoccum and Penicillium were the prevalent fungal genera in soil, stems, heads, straw and grains. The fungal spectrum concurred with the findings of recent studies carried out on wheat grain in Kenya [12,[25][26][27]. Where wheat was highly infected by Epicoccum and Alternaria, there was a corresponding low infection level by Fusarium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Occurrence of Fusarium species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Muthomi¹,

Musyimi²,

Wagacha³

et al. 2012

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Survey covering 120 wheat fields was conducted in three wheat-growing districts of Kenya during the 2008 cropping season to determine the incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and T2-toxin contamination in grain. FHB incidence was determined as the number of blighted ears per 10m2. Information gathered included wheat production practices, rainfall and temperature data. Fungal pathogens were isolated from wheat stems, heads, straw, grains and soil and identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics. Wheat grain samples were analyzed for T2-toxin by competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). High FHB incidences of up to 88% were recorded. Fungal genera isolated included Fusarium, Epicoccum, Trichoderma, Alternaria and Penicilium. Wheat plant parts with high infection with Alternaria and Epicoccum had corresponding low levels of Fusarium spp. Whereas Fusarium spp. were the most common fungal pathogens in stems, heads and soil, Epicoccum was frequently isolated from straw and grains. Fusarium speciesisolated included F. poae, F. graminearum, F. stilboides, F. verticilloides, F. fusarioides, F. tricinctum and F. heterosporum with F. poae and F. graminearum accounting for approximately 40% of all Fusarium infections. T-2 toxin was detected in all the grain samples and varied from 3 to 22 ppb. The study showed that FHB and T2-toxin are prevalent in the study districts and the high diversity of Fusarium species implies a challenge in FHB management as well as a risk of chronic T2-toxin exposure to humans and livestock

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Occurrence of Fusarium species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Muthomi¹,

Musyimi²,

Wagacha³

et al. 2012

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“…All tested wheat lines and cultivars were found to be usceptible to FHB concurring with the findings of other s researchers [42][43][44] who found all cultivars grown in Kenya were susceptible to FHB. However, cv.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, cv. Njoro BW I was found to be the least susceptible to FHB, a finding consistent with that of Muthomi et al [44] who described the cultivar as tolerant. Further breeding to improve resistance of the cultivar to FHB could be desirable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Efficacy of Biological Control and Cultivar Resistance on Fusarium Head Blight and T-2 Toxin Contamination in Wheat

Musyimi¹,

Muthomi²,

Narla³

et al. 2012

AJPS

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Laboratory and green house experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides, biological agents and host resistance in managing FHB and the associated T-2 toxin. In vitro activity of fungicides and antagonists was determined by paired culture method. Effect of microbial agents on FHB severity and mycotoxin content was determined by co-inoculating F. graminearum and F. poae with Alternaria spp., Epicoccum spp. and Trichoderma spp. Fungicides Pearl ® (500 g/L carbendazim), Cotaf ® (50 g/L hexaconacole), Thiovit ® (micronised sulphur 80% w/w) and Folicur ® (430 g/L tebuconazole) were the standard checks. Host resistance was determined by inoculating F. poae and F. graminearum to four wheat cultivars and fifteen lines in pot experiments. Fungicides resulted in 100% inhibition of pathogen radial growth in in vitro while microbial agents suppressed pathogen growth by up to 53%. Thiovit ® and Trichoderma were the most effective in reducing FHB severity in green house pot experiments. The wheat cultivars and lines varied in susceptibility with cultivar Njoro BW II showing least susceptibility while line R1104, cv. Mbuni and cv. KIBIS were most susceptible. All the wheat cultivars and lines accumulated T-2 toxin by up to 5 to 28 µg/kg. The results indicated that neither fungicides nor antagonists can solely be relied on in managing FHB and toxin accumulation. Therefore, integration of biocontrol agents, fungicides and further breeding efforts to improve lines and cultivars with promising resistance to FHB and T2-toxin contamination is recommended.

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“…Our findings are supported by the findings of Cazal-Martinez et al (2020), who found that resistant genotypes had lower AUDPC than susceptible genotypes. Similarly, Muthomi et al (2007) found that the AUDPC ranged from 140.5%-to 956%-days for the least and most susceptible Kenyan wheat varieties, respec-tively. The current study was in agreement with Mendes et al (2018), who found that resistant genotypes had lower AUDPC than susceptible genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Similarly, Muthomi et al. (2007) in Kenya reported the mean disease severity ranged from 9% for the least susceptible to 51.6% for the most susceptible wheat cultivar. In other study, Engle et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Resistance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum) in Ethiopia

Getahun,

Fininsa,

Mohammed

et al. 2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease reduces wheat yield and quality. This study was aimed to evaluate wheat varieties' responses to spray inoculation with Fusarium graminearum mixture isolates under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were laid out in a randomized completely block design with three replications using 24 bread wheat varieties registered in Ethiopia. The varieties inoculated with mixed inoculum derived from four pathogenic isolates of F. graminearum that had been isolated from wheat kernels. Disease severity was evaluated using a 1–9 scale based on the proportion of bleached spikelets, and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined from the disease severity data. At harvest, the kernel weight reduction was determined in comparison to the control. The evaluated traits were significantly interrelated and showed high and significant variation among (p < 0.0001) wheat varieties. Disease severity index among the varieties varied from 29% to 72%, while AUDPC varied from 326%‐ to 1010%‐days. The disease progress rate of the Kingbird variety inoculated with F. graminearum was the slowest (0.0191 units day−1), whereas Ogolcho had the fastest disease progression rate (0.0581 units day−1). Kingbird, Wane, and Limu were moderately resistant, with lower disease severity, AUDPC, and a reduction in 1000‐grain weight and grain weight per spike. Dereselgne, Dambal, and Ogolcho varieties were highly susceptible, with the greatest grain weight per spike reduction (53.2%, 41.4%, and 37.4%) and 1000‐grain weight reduction (41.5%, 42.8%, and 37.5%), respectively. The results implied that there were different levels of FHB resistance in Ethiopian bread wheat varieties. Although current greenhouse evaluation of varieties gives encouraging results, field testing is required to confirm the current findings.

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Reaction of Some Kenyan Wheat Cultivars to Head Blight after Inoculation with Fusarium graminearum

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Occurrence of <i>Fusarium</i> species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Occurrence of <i>Fusarium</i> species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Efficacy of Biological Control and Cultivar Resistance on <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight and T-2 Toxin Contamination in Wheat

Resistance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum) in Ethiopia

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Reaction of Some Kenyan Wheat Cultivars to Head Blight after Inoculation with Fusarium graminearum

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Occurrence of &lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt; species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Occurrence of &lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt; species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Efficacy of Biological Control and Cultivar Resistance on &lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt; Head Blight and T-2 Toxin Contamination in Wheat

Resistance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum) in Ethiopia

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Product

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Occurrence of <i>Fusarium</i> species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Occurrence of <i>Fusarium</i> species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

Efficacy of Biological Control and Cultivar Resistance on <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight and T-2 Toxin Contamination in Wheat