Raw Goat's Milk, Fresh and Soft Cheeses as a Potential Source of <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i>

Vecková, Tereza; Sak, Bohumil; Samková, Eva; Holubová, Nikola; Kicia, Marta; Zajączkowska, Żaneta; Hlásková, Lenka; Květoňová, Dana; Kváč, Martin

doi:10.1089/fpd.2021.0017

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Diarrhea is a common intestinal sequela of microsporidian infections in small ruminants, causing considerable mortality and production loss [5,16]. As well, there are some reports of raw milk contamination by microsporidian agents in sheep and goats [5,17]. However, little is known on the molecular prevalence and genotype distribution of microsporidia, particularly E. bieneusi genotypes, in small ruminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia infection in sheep and goats with focus on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021

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Background Microsporidia is a zoonotic pathogen with health consequences in immunocompromised patients. Small ruminants are a potential reservoir of microsporidia for humans in their vicinity. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of microsporidian infections with emphasis on Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes among sheep and goats at a global scale through systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods The standard protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Eligible prevalence studies on small ruminant microsporidiosis, published from 1 January 2000 until 15 April 2021 were gathered using systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model. The variance between studies (heterogeneity) was quantified by I2 index. Results In total, 25 articles (including 34 datasets) were included for final meta-analysis. The pooled molecular prevalence of microsporidia in sheep and goats was estimated to be 17.4% (95% CI: 11.8–25%) and 16% (95% CI: 11.2–22.4%), respectively. Likewise, the overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was estimated to be 17.4% (95% CI: 11.8–25%) for sheep and 16.3% (95% CI: 11.3–22.8%) for goats. According to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene analysis, E. bieneusi with genotypes BEB6 (15 studies) and COS-1 (nine studies) in sheep, and CHG3 (six studies) and BEB6 (five studies) in goats were the highest reported genotypes. Conclusion The present results highlight the role of sheep and goats as reservoir hosts for human-infecting microsporidia. Therefore, this global estimate could be beneficial on preventive and control measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia infection in sheep and goats with focus on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021

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Global prevalence and genotype distribution of Microsporidia spp. in various consumables: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rezaeian

Taghipour

Bahadory

et al. 2023

Journal of Water and Health

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Water and food sources play a major role in the distribution and transfer of microsporidia infection to animals and humans. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the status and genetic diversity of microsporidia infection in water, vegetables, fruits, milk, cheese, and meat. The standard protocol of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was followed. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2000 and 1 February 2023. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Of the 1,308 retrieved studies, 35 articles were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of microsporidia infection in mixed water, mixed fruits, mixed vegetables, and milk was 43.3% (95% CI, 33–54.2%; I2, 94.86%), 35.8% (95% CI, 5.3–84.8%; I2, 0), 12% (95% CI, 4.9–26.6%; I2, 96.43%), and 5.8% (95% CI, 2.7–12%; I2, 83.72%), respectively. Considering the genotypes, microsporidia with genotype D in water sources and genotype CD6 in vegetables/fruits were the highest reported genotypes. Given the relatively high prevalence of microsporidiosis (especially in water sources), designing strategies for control, and prevention of microsporidia infection in these sources should be recommended.

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Raw Goat's Milk, Fresh and Soft Cheeses as a Potential Source of Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

The global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia infection in sheep and goats with focus on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia infection in sheep and goats with focus on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Global prevalence and genotype distribution of Microsporidia spp. in various consumables: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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