Rationalization of a nanoparticle-based nicotine nanovaccine as an effective next-generation nicotine vaccine: A focus on hapten localization

Abstract

A lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticle-based next-generation nicotine nanovaccine was rationalized in this study to combat nicotine addiction. A series of nanovaccines, which had nicotine-haptens localized on carrier protein (LPKN), nanoparticle surface (LPNK), or both (LPNKN), were designed to study the impact of hapten localization on their immunological efficacy. All three nanovaccines were efficiently taken up and processed by dendritic cells. LPNKN induced a significantly higher immunogenicity against nicotine and a significantly lower anti-carrier protein antibody level compared to LPKN and LPNK. Meanwhile, it was found that the anti-nicotine antibodies elicited by LPKN and LPNKN bind nicotine stronger than those elicited by LPKN, and LPNK and LPNKN resulted in a more balanced Th1-Th2 immunity than LPKN. Moreover, LPNKN exhibited the best ability to block nicotine from entering the brain of mice. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the immunological efficacy of the hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine could be enhanced by modulating hapten localization, providing a promising strategy to combatting nicotine addiction.

Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Safe Adjuvants

“…Anti-OVA IgG titer was measured as previously described. [11] Immune Cell Profiling: Antibody cocktails were made from CD45 (Biolegend, Cat no: 103116, Clone: 30-F11), CD 3 (Biolegend, Cat no: 100218, Clone: 17A2), CD4 (Biolegend, Cat no: 100421, Clone: GK1.5), CD8a (Biolegend, Cat no: 100711, Clone: 53-6.7), NKp46 (Biolegend, Cat no: 137606, Clone: 29A1.4), CD 11c (Biolegend, Cat no: 117307, Clone: N418), IFN-γ (Biolegend, Cat no: 505849, Clone: XMG1.2, CD86 (Biolegend, Cat no: 105011, Clone: GL-1), and Am Cyan Live/dead cell staining kit (Thermo Fischer Scientific, MA, USA). All antibodies were diluted at least 200 times prior to their use.…”

Cellular Uptake and Radio-sensitization Effect of Small Gold Nanoparticles in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

“…Depending on the application that can span from disease diagnosis to targeted drug delivery, nanoparticles are constructed from different materials and in different forms such as polymeric, liposome based, dendrimers metals as well as hybrid. For example, liposome-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles showed promising use as immunotherapeutic agent with a potential application in noncancerous and cancerous diseases [9][10][11][12][13], while metal nanoparticles are more frequently explored as imaging and sensitizing probes enhancing radiation therapy [14]. Cancer research has been particularly interested in application of metal based nanoparticles for imaging, targeted drug delivery and radio sensitization in various cancers [15,16].…”

Smoking Cessation Treatments: Current Psychological and Pharmacological Options

“…It would be indicated for the following groups of subjects: (a) heavy smokers who have made multiple unsuccessful attempts to quit using different methods; (b) patients who are highly motivated to quit; and (c) patients who have positive attitudes toward vaccines 20 . Modifications designed to improve serum antibody affinity are being tested and may improve the performance of future clinical candidate vaccines [21][22][23] .…”