Rational design of polyaniline/MnO₂/carbon cloth ternary hybrids as electrodes for supercapacitors

Abstract

Two types of ternary composites were fabricated by reversing the deposition sequence of polyaniline (PANI) and MnO 2 layers on plasma treated carbon cloth (m-CC), i.e., PANI@MnO 2 @m-CC and MnO 2 @PANI@m-CC. By comparison, PANI@MnO 2 @m-CC displayed a unique porous structure and possessed a better electrochemical performance than that of MnO 2 @PANI@m-CC. The morphological transformation of MnO 2 petals into nanoparticles while anchoring PANI nanorods increases the interactions between the two pseudoactive materials. An asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated by using PANI@MnO 2 @m-CC as the positive electrode and activated microwave exfoliated graphite oxide ('a-MEGO') @m-CC as the negative electrode. The asymmetric supercapacitor showed a maximum energy density of 33.9 Wh/kg (at a power density of 319.0 W/kg) and power density of 17.2 kW/kg (at an energy density of 14.3 Wh/kg) at an operating voltage of 2.0 V, suggesting PANI@MnO 2 @m-CC is a promising electrode candidate for supercapacitors.

A Novel Sustainable Flour Derived Hierarchical Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon/Polyaniline Electrode for Advanced Asymmetric Supercapacitors

“…The stable potential window of 3D HPC is −1.0–0 V, while hierarchical porous HPC/PANI5 is stable between −0.2 and 0.8 V. The comparative CV curves of assembled HPC/PANI5//HPC ASC at different potential windows were measured at a scan rete of 50 mV s −1 to evaluate the optimized working potential (Figure c). The ASC device exhibits a stable voltage window at 0–1.8 V. When the potential is up to 2.0 V or higher, evolution of oxygen occurs . The specific capacitance calculated from GCD plots at 1 A g −1 (Figure S8, Supporting Information) at different potential windows are displayed in Figure d.…”

“…The C asy is determined by the total weight of HPC negative electrode and HPC/PANI5 positive electrode. The calculated gravimetric capacitances for our ASC cell (Figure d) is 134 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 , which is higher than other reported ASC based on PANI materials (61–107 F g −1 ) . Even at a high current density of 20 A g −1 , the ASC device still has a high specific capacitance of 58 F g −1 , suggesting the improved mass transportation and high activated surface.…”

“…One promising solution is to design ordered nanostructures of PANI, which has the advantages of good cycling stability, high specific capacitance, and excellent rate capability compared with randomly connected geometry . Recently, PANI nanostructure has been employed in combination with carbonaceous materials (graphene and carbon nanotube) and metal oxides (MnO 2 , MoO 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 ) in designing asymmetric supercapacitors . These studies have demonstrated that the synergistic effects between PANI and other active materials could improve conductivity of metal oxide or poor stability of PANI and enhance the specific capacitance of carbon materials, leading to high electrochemical performances.…”

High-performance all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors based on manganese dioxide/carbon fibers

“…For the electrodeposition process, the treated CFs was used as the working electrode, and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and platinum were used as reference and counter electrodes, respectively. Then nanostructured MnO 2 was electrochemically deposited onto the surface of CFs by an anodic electrodeposition as reported in our previous work [37]. A constant current of 0.5 mA was applied during the electrodeposition process and the deposition time varied from 100 s mg -1 to 500 s mg -1 based on the mass of CFs.…”

Biomass-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NPC) and NPC/ polyaniline composites as high performance supercapacitor materials

“…57 The inset in Figure 6c displays the CV curves of NPC/PANI in different voltage windows at 25 mV•s −1 , where the composite exhibits a stable voltage window at 0-1.4 V. When the potential is much higher, oxygen evolution occurs. 66 Figure 6d and 6e show the galvanostatic charge-discharging curves and specific capacitance at different current densities, respectively. Based on Figure 6d and 6e, the energy density and power density of composites can be obtained and shown in Figure 6f.…”