Rate‐ and strain‐dependent brittle deformation of rocks

Brantut, Nicolas; Heap, Michael; Baud, Patrick; Meredith, P. G.

doi:10.1002/2013jb010448

Cited by 115 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…3 Triaxial test results (confining pressure 30MPa) at constant amplitude on sandstone specimens (20-320 kN, f = 1 Hz), failure after 629 cycles, from Liu and He (2012) of rock sample strengths, producing very different results. Interestingly, such relation is also observed for cyclically loaded sands (Alarcon-Guzman et al 1989) or creep as reported later (Brantut et al 2014).…”

Section: Stress-strain Curvessupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Measurement of wave velocity is one of the most common (Rao and Ramana 1992;Lockner 1993;Meglis et al 1995;Brantut et al 2014;Voznesenskii et al 2017). Microscopic thin sections are also often provided (Ghamgosar and Erarslan 2016;Wang et al 2017).…”

Section: Crack Development and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this correlation depends probably on the material and mineralogy. Finally, it is shown in Brantut et al (2014) that monotonic displacement-controlled tests act as an envelope for creep tests. In other words, failure occurs when the stress-strain curve of creep test intersects the one of monotonic test.…”

Section: Relation Between Creep and Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, rock strength is inherently strain rate dependent (Zhang et al 2000;Brantut et al 2014). Therefore, low frequencies are more likely to enable delayed crack propagation at high stress due to stress corrosion, while high frequencies are more favourable to fatigue mechanisms.…”

Section: Relation Between Creep and Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strain-based definition (Attewell and Farmer 1973;Tien et al 1990) seems an interesting concept to use for constitutive laws. The relation to the energy deficit similar to creep (Brantut et al 2014) is another direction of research.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Cerfontaine¹,

Collin²

2017

Rock Mech Rock Eng

279

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Section: Stress-strain Curvessupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Crack Development and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relation Between Creep and Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relation Between Creep and Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Cerfontaine¹,

Collin²

2017

Rock Mech Rock Eng

279

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanisms of time‐dependent deformation in porous limestone

et al. 2014

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We performed triaxial deformation experiments on a water‐saturated porous limestone under constant strain rate and constant stress (creep) conditions. The tests were conducted at room temperature and at low effective pressures Peff=10 and Peff=20 MPa, in a regime where the rock is nominally brittle when tested at a constant strain rate of 10−5 s−1. Under these conditions and at constant stress, the phenomenon of brittle creep occurs. At Peff=10 MPa, brittle creep follows similar trends as those observed in other rock types (e.g., sandstones and granites): only small strains are accumulated before failure, and damage accumulation with increasing strain (as monitored by P wave speeds measurements during the tests) is not strongly dependent on the applied stresses. At Peff=20 MPa, brittle creep is also macroscopically observed, but when the creep strain rate is lower than ≈10−7 s−1, we observe that (1) much larger strains are accumulated, (2) less damage is accumulated with increasing strain, and (3) the deformation tends to be more compactant. These observations can be understood by considering that another deformation mechanism, different from crack growth, is active at low strain rates. We explore this possibility by constructing a deformation mechanism map that includes both subcritical crack growth and pressure solution creep processes; the increasing contribution of pressure solution creep at low strain rates is consistent with our observations.

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Time‐dependent compaction band formation in sandstone

et al. 2015

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Compaction bands in sandstone are laterally extensive planar deformation features that are characterized by lower porosity and permeability than the surrounding host rock. As a result, this form of localization has important implications for both strain partitioning and fluid flow in the Earth's upper crust. To better understand the time dependency of compaction band growth, we performed triaxial deformation experiments on water‐saturated Bleurswiller sandstone (initial porosity = 0.24) under constant stress (creep) conditions in the compactant regime. Our experiments show that inelastic strain accumulates at a constant stress in the compactant regime, manifest as compaction bands. While creep in the dilatant regime is characterized by an increase in porosity and, ultimately, an acceleration in axial strain rate to shear failure, compaction creep is characterized by a reduction in porosity and a gradual deceleration in axial strain rate. The global decrease in the rates of axial strain, acoustic emission energy, and porosity change during creep compaction is punctuated at intervals by higher rate excursions, interpreted as the formation of compaction bands. The growth rate of compaction bands formed during creep is lower as the applied differential stress, and hence, background creep strain rate, is decreased. However, the inelastic strain associated with the growth of a compaction band remains constant over strain rates spanning several orders of magnitude (from 10−8 to 10−5 s−1). We find that despite the large differences in strain rate and growth rate (from both creep and constant strain rate experiments), the characteristics (geometry and thickness) of the compaction bands remain essentially the same. Several lines of evidence, notably the similarity between the differential stress dependence of creep strain rate in the dilatant and compactant regimes, suggest that as for dilatant creep, subcritical stress corrosion cracking is the mechanism responsible for compactant creep in our experiments. Our study highlights that stress corrosion is an important mechanism in the time‐dependent porosity loss, subsidence, and permeability reduction of sandstone reservoirs.

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Rate‐ and strain‐dependent brittle deformation of rocks

Cited by 115 publications

References 79 publications

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Mechanisms of time‐dependent deformation in porous limestone

Time‐dependent compaction band formation in sandstone

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